Educational and Pedagogical Principles in the Earliest Written Monuments of Humanity

Abstract

This article provides a comparative-historical analysis of educational and pedagogical principles reflected in the earliest written monuments of human history (Sumerian clay tablets, Ancient Egyptian wisdom literature, the "Avesta," and Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions). The study explores how concepts of human development, acquisition of moral virtues, the value of knowledge, and mentor-student traditions were articulated in these ancient sources. The article highlights the role of written monuments in transmitting pedagogical ideas across generations and discusses universal values that remain relevant to contemporary upbringing.