A PEDAGOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING ARGUMENTATIVE SPEAKING SKILLS IN GRADES 8–9 OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Abstrak

The rapid transformation of educational systems has significantly influenced the objectives of foreign language instruction. In addition to mastering grammar and vocabulary, students are expected to develop the ability to communicate effectively, think critically, and express well-reasoned opinions in authentic communicative situations. Among the various aspects of communicative competence, argumentative speaking has become one of the most important skills for secondary school learners because it enables them to justify personal viewpoints, evaluate alternative perspectives, and participate actively in collaborative discussions. However, classroom practice indicates that many students experience considerable difficulties when organizing coherent oral arguments due to limited speaking opportunities, insufficient interaction, and the absence of systematic instructional support.