ECOLOGICAL AND URBAN PLANNING CRITERIA FOR SELECTING TREE SPECIES FOR CONSTRUCTION SITES IN TASHKENT CITY
;
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20302265;
Urban Forestry, Particulate Matter Sequestration, Microclimate Cooling, Drought Tolerance Index, Native Species Reintegration, Tashkent Green InfrastructureAbstrak
Tashkent has changed a lot in ten years. Where you used to see green courtyards or unbuilt land, you now mostly see concrete blocks and asphalt. Two things follow from this kind of build-out. First, summer in the new districts is hotter than in older parts of the city — what the urban heat island (UHI) literature calls a "warming pocket". Second, dust and PM in the air go up. We registered ambient PM₂.₅ readings above 65 µg/m³ on a routine basis. That's about 2.6 times the WHO yearly value, give or take. On hot summer days, when we measured surface temperatures in courtyards that have no trees at all, we found them running 6.2 °C higher than at nearby spots with mature canopy. To get from observation to recommendation, we used MCDA — Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis — on eight tree species. The first four are everywhere in the city: Platanus orientalis, Fraxinus excelsior, Catalpa bignonioides, and Gleditsia triacanthos. The other four are local: Celtis caucasica, Morus alba, Pistacia vera, Elaeagnus angustifolia. For each tree we scored Leaf Area Index (LAI), how many trichomes the leaves have, stomatal conductance, the Drought Tolerance Index (DTI), and how much water the tree wanted per season (L/m²). What were we actually trying to do? In plain terms — drop average PM₂.₅ by 30% or more, and UHI intensity by 2 °C or more, in new construction zones — within a ten-year canopy growth window. The composite numbers put Platanus orientalis (0.886) and Catalpa bignonioides (0.880) on top under good irrigation conditions. Next came the natives: Celtis caucasica (0.793) and Morus alba (0.771). We make the argument in the paper that these two natives, rather than being a fallback, are actually a reasonable heritage-grounded option — they pull decent ecological numbers and use less water. The article ends with a shortlist, ranked, split by irrigation regime, that planners can drop straight into the Tashkent urban development master plans.Iqtiboslar
Alimov, B., Yusupov, F., & Nazarov, G. (2019). Allometric relationships for urban trees in Tashkent: Biomass and carbon storage estimates. Труды Института Ботаники АН РУз, 34(2), 45–61.
Azimov, R., & Tursunov, M. (2021). Impervious surface expansion in Tashkent urban districts: A remote sensing analysis, 2000–2020. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science, 7(1), 12–28.
Beckett, K. P., Freer-Smith, P. H., & Taylor, G. (2000). Particulate pollution capture by urban trees: Effect of species and windspeed. Global Change Biology, 6(8), 995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00376.x
Ergashev, A., Mirzayev, S., & Kholmatov, D. (2022). Urban growth and housing development trajectories in Tashkent: 2014–2024. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 148(3), 04022019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000865
Freer-Smith, P. H., Beckett, K. P., & Taylor, G. (2005). Deposition velocities to Sorbus aria, Acer campestre, Populus deltoides × trichocarpa 'Beaupré', Pinus nigra and × Cupressocyparis leylandii for coarse, fine and ultra-fine particles in the urban environment. Environmental Pollution, 133(1), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.03.031
Gill, S. E., Handley, J. F., Ennos, A. R., & Pauleit, S. (2007). Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment, 33(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.33.1.115
Khudoiberdiev, T. (2020). Contemporary trends in residential landscaping in Tashkent new districts. Vestnik Tashkentskogo Arkhitekturno-Stroitelnogo Instituta, 15(3), 88–97.
McPherson, E. G., Simpson, J. R., Xiao, Q., & Wu, C. (2011). Million trees Los Angeles canopy cover and benefit assessment. Landscape and Urban Planning, 99(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.08.011
Mukhammadiev, S., & Karimova, D. (2020). Native flora of Tashkent oasis and its applications in urban green infrastructure. Bulletin of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Biological Sciences Series, 12(3), 67–82.
Normatov, I. (1998). Botanical diversity of Tashkent urban plantings and their ecological functions. Fan Publishing House.
Nowak, D. J. (1994). Atmospheric carbon reduction by urban trees. Journal of Environmental Management, 37(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1993.1017
Nowak, D. J., & Dwyer, J. F. (2007). Understanding the benefits and costs of urban forest ecosystems. In J. E. Kuser (Ed.), Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast (2nd ed., pp. 25–46). Springer.
Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4(3–4), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.01.007
Ruziev, O. (2021). CFD simulation of wind flow patterns in high-density residential blocks of Tashkent. Uzbek Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(2), 34–48.
Salmond, J. A., Williams, D. E., Laing, G., Kingham, S., Dirks, K., Longley, I., & Henshaw, G. S. (2013). The influence of vegetation on the horizontal and vertical distribution of pollutants in a street canyon. Science of the Total Environment, 443, 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.101
Santamour, F. S. (1990). Trees for urban planting: Diversity, uniformity, and common sense. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA), 7, 57–66.
Shashua-Bar, L., & Hoffman, M. E. (2000). Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street: An empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas with trees. Energy and Buildings, 31(3), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00018-3
Sinclair, T. R., & Ludlow, M. M. (1986). Influence of soil water supply on the plant water balance of four tropical grain legumes. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9860329
UZHYDROMET. (2023). Annual report on air quality and dust transport events: Tashkent metropolitan area 2022. State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Ecology and Environmental Protection
##submission.downloads##
Nashr qilingan
Nashr
Bo'lim
Litsenziya
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by4.footer##Iqtibos keltirish tartibi
