INNOVATIVE METHODS AND DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL TOOLS IN TEACHING VECTOR QUANTITIES
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vector quantities, digital education, GeoGebra, innovative teaching methods, mathematics education, PhET simulations, Desmos, interactive learning, quasi-experimental design, STEM pedagogyAbstrak
The teaching of vector quantities stands as one of the conceptually demanding areas in secondary and higher mathematics education. This study investigates the effectiveness of innovative pedagogical methods and digital educational tools — including GeoGebra 3D, Desmos, PhET Interactive Simulations, and Wolfram|Alpha — in enhancing students' understanding of vector concepts such as addition, subtraction, scalar and cross products, and geometric interpretation. A quasi-experimental design was applied across two student groups (n = 92) at Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute during one academic semester. Pre- and post-tests, surveys, and observational data were triangulated to assess learning outcomes. Results indicate a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group (mean gain: +24.5 points; Cohen's d = 2.31; p < 0.001), alongside markedly higher student engagement (78% vs 42%) and homework completion rates (89% vs 54%). The study proposes a six-phase instructional model integrating technology-enhanced learning into the vector-quantities curriculum.
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