TRANSLATIONAL FEATURES OF ECOTERMS: METHODS AND CONTEXTUAL SPECIFICITY IN ENGLISH, UZBEK, AND RUSSIAN

Abstract

This article explores the translational features of ecological terms (ecoterms) with a focus on translation methods and contextual specificity in English, Uzbek, and Russian. Ecoterms constitute a dynamic layer of specialized vocabulary that reflects scientific knowledge, environmental policy, and socio-cultural attitudes toward nature. The study examines the main challenges in translating ecoterms, including contextual semantic variability, partial or complete non-equivalence across languages, and the selection of appropriate translation strategies. Using a comparative and descriptive approach, the article analyzes authentic examples from scientific, journalistic, and public discourse to illustrate the application of literal translation, calque, descriptive translation, adaptation, modulation, and compensation. Particular attention is given to the influence of communicative context, target audience, and translator competence on translation choices. The findings demonstrate that effective translation of ecoterms requires a flexible, context-sensitive approach that balances terminological accuracy with pragmatic adequacy in multilingual environmental communication.