IQLIM O‘ZGARISHI BO‘YICHA SUD ISHLARI VA ULARNING ATROF-MUHIT SIYOSATINI MUSTAHKAMLASHDAGI ROLI: XALQARO AMALIYOT VA O‘ZBEKISTON UCHUN ISTIQBOLLAR
Abstrak
Iqlim o‘zgarishlari bugungi kunda faqat ekologik muammo bo‘ib qolmay, huquqiy jihatdan ham davlatlar oldiga yangi vazifalar qo‘ymoqda. So‘nggi o‘n yilliklarda ko‘plab mamlakatlarda hukumatlar va yirik kompaniyalar iqlim majburiyatlarini bajarmagan holatlarda sudga berilmoqda. Bu hodisa “climate change litigation” deb atalib, davlat iqlim siyosatini o‘zgartirishning yangi vositasiga aylandi. Peel va Osofsky (2015) ta‘riflaganidek, iqlimiy adolat — bu “davlatlar va korporatsiyalarni iqlim majburiyatlariga javobgar qilishning huquqiy mexanizmi” (p. 12). Mazkur mexanizm so‘nggi o‘n yilda xalqaro miqyosda keng tarqalib, ekologik boshqaruvni mustahkamlashning samarali vositasiga aylandi. Mazkur maqolada ushbu institut xalqaro huquq va ekologik boshqaruv nuqtai nazaridan ko‘rib chiqiladi. Xususan, Niderlandiya, AQSh va Pokistondagi uchta yirik sud ishi — Urgenda, Juliana va Leghari ishlari — tahlil qilinadi hamda ularning davlat siyosatiga ta‘siri baholanadi. Markaziy Osiyoda, jumladan O‘zbekistonda mavjud ekologik muammolar — suv taqchilligi, iqlim o‘zgarishlarining qishloq xo‘jaligiga ta‘siri — va bu muammolarni hal qilishda huquqiy mexanizmlarning roli o‘rganiladi. O‘zbekistonning Parij bitimi bo‘yicha majburiyatlari va milliy qonunchilikdagi bo‘shliqlar aniqlanadi. Maqola oxirida O‘zbekistonda iqlim bo‘yicha sud ishlari amaliyotini joriy etish uchun tavsiyalar beriladi.
Iqtiboslar
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