QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF APIGENIN AND QUERCETIN IN A GEL CONTAINING ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Vol. 6 No. 4 Part 2 (2026): Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences 244-251
Abstract
In recent years, the quantitative determination of biologically active compounds in nanobiotechnology-based pharmaceutical formulations has become an essential stage of pharmaceutical quality control. In particular, dosage forms developed from plant extracts and metal nanoparticles possess complex compositions, necessitating the use of highly accurate instrumental analytical techniques for their quality assessment. In this study, the concentrations of the major flavonoids, apigenin and quercetin, in a gel formulated with the dry extract of Scutellaria iscanderi and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Keywords:
References
Javed M., Mal T. A review on estimation of quercetin, rutin, apigenin, naringin and hesperidin from citrus plant using HPLC // Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. – 2025. – Vol. 14, No. 4. – P. 469–479. doi:10.22271/phyto.2025.v14.i4.g15506.
Metal Nanoparticle–Flavonoid Connections: Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Properties, as Well as Potential Applications in Medicine // Nanomaterials. – 2023. – Vol. 13, No. 9. – Article 1531. doi:10.3390/nano13091531.
Flavonoids: Antioxidant Powerhouses and Their Role in Biological Systems // Antioxidants. – 2024. – Vol. 13, No. 8. – Article 922. doi:10.3390/antiox13080922.
Khan M.I., Abdelhalim M.A.K., Alotaibi S.S. Green synthesis and biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles: A review // Materials Today Communications. – 2023. – Vol. 35. – 106021.
Mishra Y.K., Adelung R. Zinc oxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications // Materials Science and Engineering C. – 2022. – Vol. 134. – 112650.
Deineka V.I., Deineka L.A., Blinova I.P. va boshq. O xromatograficheskom povedenii flavonoidov v usloviyax obrashchenno-fazovoy VEJX // Sorbtsiya i Khromatograficheskie Protsessy. – 2016. – T. 16. – № 5. – S. 641–652.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Davlat farmakopeyasi. II nashr. I jild. – Toshkent, 2021. – 682 b.
Идентификация и количественное определение флавоноидов в лекарственных растениях Республики Узбекистан // Вопросы биологической, медицинской и фармацевтической химии. – 2024. – Т. 27. – № 5. – С. 31–38. doi:10.29296/25877313-2024-05-04.
Shermatova I.B. Scutellaria Iscanderi o‘simligi asosidagi nanozarrachali substansiyada apigeninni yuqori samarali suyuqlik xromatografiyasi usulida miqdoriy aniqlash // Farmatsiya: ilmiy-amaliy jurnal. – 2024. – № 3. – B. 74–79.
ICH Q2(R2). Validation of Analytical Procedures. International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. – Geneva, 2023.
United States Pharmacopeia (USP 47–NF 42). General Chapter <621> Chromatography. – Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 2024.
European Pharmacopoeia. 11th Edition. General Chapter 2.2.29. Liquid Chromatography. – Strasbourg: European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM). – 2024.
Harborne J.B., Williams C.A. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992 // Phytochemistry. – 2022 (qayta nashr va sharh materiallari).
Kumar S., Pandey A.K. Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview // The Scientific World Journal. – 2021. – Article ID 162750.
Salehi B., Sharifi-Rad J., Capanoglu E. va boshq. Insights into the therapeutic potential of apigenin and quercetin in inflammation and oxidative stress // Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. – 2023. – Vol. 163. – 114821.
Readership
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
