Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

The article presents the development of a modernized design of a motor carriage subway car with a justification of the dynamic and strength parameters, numerical studies were carried out in the programming environment MATHCAD 15. In connection with the massive failure of subway cars for Uzbekistan Temir Yollari JSC, it is necessary to develop a new way to modernize the motorcar rolling stock trolley frames for overhaul in order to improve dynamic performance and increase strength and reliability (specifically, for trolleys of a subway car).

The article presents a mathematical model and a developed algorithm for numerical studies on the selection of rational parameters of a modernized coil spring for axle box spring suspension of high-speed electric trains, the design of which is protected by patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan for invention No. IAP 05219 [1].

this article discusses the concept and essence of sustainable development, the importance of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals to ensure economic growth, the need to study the basics of sustainable development in higher education institutions. As an example of the introduction of such a subject into teaching practice, the article describes the academic discipline "Finance of Sustainable Development" and its main topics, considers the content of independent learning and various types of assignments for students, one of which is the study of analytical reports of various organizations on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Further, the article describes an example of studying the Sustainability Report of Joint-Stock Commercial Bank "Kapitalbank" for 2024 during the study of this discipline. At the end of the article, general conclusions are given.

The article presents a methods for calculating the rigidity of elastic elements of the spring suspension of a high-speed electric train under the action of forces in a horizontal transverse plane. A mathematical model is presented, numerical studies are performed in the programming environment MATHCAD 15.

This article analyzes the scientific definition of the concept of " Hadīth qudsī", which plays an important role in hadīth studies, its differences from the hadīth of the Prophet and the Holy Qurʾān, forms of narration, and the attitude of hadīth scholars and modern researchers towards it. Also, the sources that collected and commented on these hadīths are grouped, their classification and content areas are analyzed. The article shows the place of hadīth qudsi among the sources of Sunnah, their use as jurisprudential evidence, the scope of topics, and their different numerical evaluations on a scientific basis.

The article discusses the principles of economic valuation of land. The foreign experience of land resources assessment is analyzed. The main models of modern mechanisms of land price formation are presented.

At present, a pressing problem is the development of new highly effective means of combating invasive diseases that are convenient for use individually and in groups, low-toxic and have a broad spectrum of action.

The article analyzes modern pedagogical technologies used in teaching the Russian language, such as learner-centered education technologies and technologies aimed at activating and intensifying student activity. The authors conclude that in order to help students systematize the knowledge gained in the subject and improve or develop speech skills, teachers need to employ a variety of pedagogical technologies.

Flour and groats hold one of the most important places among food products. These products are essential sources of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals necessary for the human body. In the production of flour and groats, cereal crops such as wheat, rye, rice (paddy), barley, oats, and corn are mainly used as raw materials. In recent years, the volume of flour and groats production in our country has been steadily increasing. This growth is linked to population growth, the relevance of food security issues, and the policy of modernizing the food industry

This study employs a robust Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) framework to investigate the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2022. Two models are estimated: Model 1 regresses total CO2 emissions on GDP, while Model 2 examines individual CO2 sources (cement, coal, flaring, gas, and oil) as functions of GDP. The analysis includes exploratory data visualization (pairwise scatterplot matrices and time series plots), diagnostic tests for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity, and robust standard errors to ensure reliable inference. Results reveal significant positive associations between GDP and cement and coal emissions, a negative association with oil emissions, and no significant relationship with gas emissions. Autocorrelation is detected, suggesting the need for time series adjustments. This comprehensive methodology provides a robust foundation for understanding the economic-environmental nexus.

This article analyzes the issues of choreographic thinking that arise in the process of presenting national dances on stage. National dances are an art form that reflects a nation’s cultural heritage, and during their stage adaptation, aspects such as artistry, imagery, historicity, and aesthetic harmony play a crucial role. Choreographic thinking serves to integrate these elements into a unified conceptual framework. The article discusses the challenges encountered in staging national dances, examines their causes and offers possible solutions, along with relevant suggestions to improve the process.

This аrtiсlе аnаlyzеs thе pеdаgоgiсаl pоtеntiаl оf Еnglish lаnguаgе lеssоns in dеvеlоping lеаdеrship skills аmоng primаry sсhооl studеnts. Thе fосus is plасеd оn thе соmmuniсаtivе аnd intеrасtivе nаturе оf Еnglish сlаssеs, whiсh сrеаtе оppоrtunitiеs tо fоstеr initiаtivе, rеspоnsibility, indеpеndеnt thinking, аnd еffесtivе соmmuniсаtiоn in lеаrnеrs. Thе mаin оbjесtivе оf thе аrtiсlе is tо prоvidе а sсiеntifiс justifiсаtiоn fоr viеwing fоrеign lаnguаgе lеssоns nоt оnly аs а tооl fоr dеvеlоping linguistiс соmpеtеnсе but аlsо аs а mеаns оf сultivаting pеrsоnаl аnd sосiаl соmpеtеnсiеs, pаrtiсulаrly lеаdеrship pоtеntiаl. Bаsеd оn thе аnаlysis оf асаdеmiс sоurсеs аnd pеdаgоgiсаl pеrspесtivеs, thеоrеtiсаl соnсlusiоns аrе drаwn rеgаrding thе rоlе оf Еnglish lеssоns аs а сruсiаl fасtоr in thе fоrmаtiоn оf lеаdеrship skills

The article analyzes issues in teaching Arabic morphology (sarf) in Uzbekistan, focusing on the lack of sufficient and quality exercises in textbooks, reliance on rote memorization of verbs without context, and students’ difficulties in applying rules practically. Compared to English language textbooks, Arabic textbooks lack exercise variety and contextual approaches, prolonging language acquisition time. Solutions include increasing contextual written exercises, using interactive platforms, and adopting international best practices.

This article discusses the artistic interpretation of national uniqueness in the Uzbek translation of Osamu Dazai's novella "No Longer Human," published in 1948, translated directly from Japanese by Zumrad G'afforova. The work is written in an autobiographical tone, depicting themes of human dignity, shame, loneliness, and alienation through the emotional experiences of the main character, Oba Youzou.

This article presents an analysis of the role of proverbs in the poems of Muhammad Yusuf and how proverbs were used in the translations of poems into the Karakalpak language.

This article describes the organization of distance learning in the education system, its specific features, advantages and disadvantages, as well as ways to eliminate existing shortcomings.

This article discusses the utilization of innovative approaches in developing professional PR competence of future technology teachers. The methodology for enhancing skills such as shaping a teacher's image, developing an educational institution's brand, and conducting effective communication on social networks is substantiated in the context of modern information and communication technologies and digital transformations in education.

This article analyzes the semantic structure and stylistic features of newspaper materials in Karakalpak and English languages, using examples from Qaraqalpaqstan Jasları, Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan, Jetkinshek, Shımbay Hawazı, Vesti Karakalpakstana, and several English-language newspapers. The study examines the logical consistency of information presentation, the use of lexical-semantic tools, and the role of stylistic devices in deepening meaning. While English newspapers tend to follow a clear, concise, and standardized structure aligned with international journalism norms, Karakalpak newspapers often maintain a more formal and traditional tone. The paper also explores how linguistic choices reflect cultural and socio-communicative differences between the two media contexts.

This article investigates the linguocultural characteristics of the concept of “wedding” through the phraseological and paremiological units of the Russian language. Phraseological and paremiological units serve as linguistic expressions of national culture and traditions. The article provides a systematic analysis of the intrazonal and extrazonal aspects of the Russian concept “свадьба” (wedding), as well as phraseological units and proverbs related to weddings.

The basis of improving of education system in our republic is the transformation of the essence of the education system, also its formation on the basis of assimilation and application of progressive experience of developed countries, the usage of effective methods and new pedagogical technologies. One of such modernized foreign technologies is credit-modular system. Credit–modular training system is such an organization of the educational process which is based on the combination of modular training technologies and credit educational units (credits).

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the role, significance, and implementation mechanisms of psychological support in the process of inclusive education. It examines the psychological needs of participants in inclusive education, methods of providing support, and analyzes international and national experiences, offering practical recommendations. The research results substantiate the invaluable role of psychological services in increasing the effectiveness of inclusive education.

This article presents a content and methodological analysis of the Quranic verses that call for reflection in Ibn Jarir at-Tabari’s famous commentary “Jom’ul-Bayan”. The article analyzes the spiritual and intellectual message of these verses, their impact on the human heart and mind. It also examines the significance of these verses in the context of modern spiritual problems and their place in practice. Interpretive and methodological approaches are compared based on classical and modern sources.

This article explores the development of the concept of Orientalism in Western Europe and its interaction with Enlightenment-era political thought. Drawing upon the monographs of Alexander Bevilacqua and Noel Malcolm, it analyzes Europe's perception of the Islamic East, the study of Arabic sources, and how these shaped the evolution of European political ideas. The article also provides a critical reading of Edward Said’s "Orientalism" thesis within this historical context

This article examines the role, advantages, and disadvantages of distance education within the educational system. It explores the significance of distance learning in today’s educational process, the opportunities it offers to students, and the challenges encountered along the way. Furthermore, the article discusses the ongoing measures being implemented to develop distance education in Uzbekistan and outlines its future prospects.

The article examines the main directions of food and industrial use of sesame - one of the oldest and most valuable oilseed plants. Special attention was paid to culinary traditions and the biological value of the seeds, as well as the diversity of sesame oil applications in cosmetology, pharmaceuticals, and the technical industry. Modern processing methods, the use of secondary products, and the international experience of leading manufacturers were analyzed. The role of sesame as a functional product and strategic raw material contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture and industry was noted.

The problem of developing professional competence is still at the center of scientific work On this basis, it is advisable to identify the specific professional competences of teachers of technology, who work with a special approach in the conditions of modern education, and study the methods of their development. This article presents the professional competencies of future technology educators and the main ways and effective methods of developing them. It also analyzes the level of professional training required from the teacher of technology in the modern educational process, innovative approaches.

This article explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in early disease detection, focusing on Parkinson's disease as a case study. It highlights how AI technologies, such as machine learning algorithms, enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes by enabling early intervention and personalized treatment strategies. The article discusses innovative AI applications, including the analysis of breathing patterns, vocal recordings, and medical imaging, which offer non-invasive and accurate methods for detecting Parkinson's disease. However, the integration of AI in healthcare also presents ethical challenges, particularly concerning patient privacy, data security, and algorithmic bias. The article examines existing policies and proposes strategies for responsible AI implementation, emphasizing the need for collaboration among stakeholders to maximize AI's benefits while safeguarding patient privacy and upholding ethical standards.

This article explores the necessity of individualizing professional activity for higher education teachers. It emphasizes the importance of teaching methods in fostering effectiveness and unleashing students' potential. The article addresses the issue of lack of pedagogical knowledge faced by technical university teachers and examines the key competencies required from modern specialists. It highlights the significance of new teaching strategies and the teacher's "leading role" function, substantiating the importance of forming a functionally literate and competitive teacher today.

This article analyzes the economic efficiency of the zero-waste production model at industrial enterprises. It is noted that the zero-waste model serves not only to protect the environment, but also to reduce costs, increase profits, and strengthen competitiveness in the activities of enterprises. The article presents the practical significance of advanced foreign experience, existing economic indicators, and innovative technologies, and widely covers the economic benefits of implementing this model. Proposals will also be made regarding the organizational, technological, and financial conditions necessary for the widespread implementation of the zero-waste system.

In the article, a mathematical model has been developed to calculate the heat processes in the plate condenser section, which is the main component of a heat pump device. Water was chosen as the heating medium in the device, and R-134a refrigerant was selected as the heat transfer medium of the heat pump. The simulation results are presented with graphs obtained using Microsoft Excel and Mathcad Prime-8 software tools.

This article analyzes the role and importance of the collaborative approach in developing English language speaking competencies of students studying at technical higher education institutions. It is scientifically and practically substantiated that the use of collaborative methods in the educational process is effective in involving students in active communication, mastering professional language units, and forming teamwork skills.

This article explores the essential role of religious sects in countering radicalization within contemporary Muslim societies. It argues that sectarian diversity within Islam, particularly between Sunni and Shia traditions, can serve as a powerful deterrent against extremist ideologies by promoting pluralistic interpretations of faith. The study draws upon sociopolitical, educational, and theological dimensions to highlight how sects foster community cohesion, offer alternative religious narratives, and empower youth through religious education. Empirical evidence is examined from cases such as Indonesia’s integration of national ideology (Pancasila) into Islamic curricula, and mosque-based programs in Europe that support tolerance and peaceful coexistence.

The article analyzes experimental studies on the development of Arabic listening comprehension skills in higher education institutions. The study involved experimental and control groups, applying new teaching materials and the "Scaffolding" model technology. The results show a significant improvement in listening comprehension skills within the experimental group, proving the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

The article examines the operating modes, hydraulic characteristics, and energy parameters of pump stations. It also presents the energy parameters of a photovoltaic system used to supply electric power to pump units through solar energy.

This article deals with the linguistic status of anthroponyms, which occupy a special place in lexical system of language. This factual perspective is determined by specific features of proper names including grammatical, historical and semantic peculiarities. Being an integral part of the life of any person, personal names, as part of the language system, have attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. Hence, the problem of the conception of anthroponyms and its status in the lexical system is vital and actual at the present time.

This article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into teacher education in the context of the ongoing digital transformation of education. It highlights pedagogical opportunities offered by AI tools and analyzes challenges faced by higher education institutions in preparing future educators for AI-supported learning environments. The study emphasizes the importance of AI literacy, ethical considerations, and the adaptation of educational curricula to the realities of intelligent technologies. The author proposes a strategic framework for embedding AI in teacher training and identifies the essential competencies needed for effective collaboration between teachers and intelligent systems. The paper concludes that a systematic, ethical, and interdisciplinary approach is required to equip future educators for emerging educational contexts enhanced by AI technologies.

The article examines the main schemes of small-scale energy and pumping devices (KENQ) based on QTEM used in irrigation systems, certain technological schemes of energy and pumping devices in irrigation systems, and the use of energy accumulation devices in small-scale energy systems.

This article is devoted to the study of the role of ecological culture in improving the ecological situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article analyzes the main aspects of the formation of environmental consciousness, including education, enlightenment, and the participation of society in environmental initiatives. Special attention is paid to the influence of traditional values and modern approaches on the development of ecological culture. The research was conducted on the basis of state policy, environmental protection programs, and the study of the environmental activities of the local population. The results emphasize the importance of ecological culture in environmental protection and make proposals for its development.

This article presents the concept of the derivative. A clear understanding of the derivative can help any interested reader increase their interest in mathematics, improve their knowledge independently, and develop logical, creative, critical, analytical, positive, and deductive thinking skills.

This article provides an analysis of revisional bariatric surgery outcomes based on current literature and clinical studies. The main indications for revisional interventions have been studied, including insufficient weight loss (40-60% of cases), technical complications (20-30%), and metabolic disorders (10-15%). Various types of revisional operations were analyzed: conversion of primary procedures, reconstructive interventions, and repeat restrictive operations. The study showed that the most common revisional procedures are conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (35-45% of cases) and gastric band removal with subsequent conversion (25-30%). Postoperative morbidity after revisional operations is 15-25%, which exceeds the rates of primary interventions. Factors affecting the success of revisional operations have been identified, and recommendations for optimizing patient selection and surgical tactics are proposed.