MODERN DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT ALGORITHMS FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Abstrak

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex and progressive clinical syndrome characterized by the heart's inability to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Despite advances in pharmacologic and device-based therapies, CHF continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current diagnostic approaches and evolving treatment strategies for CHF, with a focus on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), novel pharmacological agents, non-pharmacological interventions, and the importance of multidisciplinary care models. Emerging technologies in diagnostics such as cardiac imaging, biomarkers, and digital monitoring tools are also discussed. The goal is to provide a structured framework for clinicians aiming to improve patient outcomes through evidence-based management protocols. The paper includes statistical analysis and visual representation of patient data over the years to underline the growing burden of CHF.