FORMATION OF DENTAL PLAQUE AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARIES

Abstract

Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases and dental biofilm plays an important role in its development. Modern concepts consider caries not simply as an infection caused by a single microorganism, but as a dysbiotic process resulting from interactions between the microbial biofilm and the oral environment. Microorganisms within dental plaque metabolize fermentable carbohydrates and produce organic acids, which can lead to mineral loss from dental enamel. Frequent consumption of free sugars promotes cariogenic changes in the biofilm. This article reviews the formation of dental plaque, its microbial composition, mechanisms involved in caries development, and contemporary preventive approaches. Effective biofilm control, fluoride toothpaste use, reduction of free sugar intake and regular professional oral hygiene are important components of caries prevention.