PROBLEMS OF LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC INCOMPATIBILITY IN ORAL SPEECH TRANSLATION AND METHODS OF ELIMINATING THEM

Abstract

This article analyzes the problems of lexical and semantic inconsistency that arise in the process of simultaneous translation, which is one of the most complex and responsible forms of oral speech translation, from a scientific, theoretical and practical perspective. The main problems encountered by the translator in the process of receiving, processing and transmitting speech in real time are terminological inconsistency, polysemy, phraseological units, cultural-realities (realia), and context-dependent semantic shifts. The article highlights the cognitive causes, psycholinguistic factors, and their impact on discourse, and proposes effective strategies for their elimination - advance preparation, contextual prediction, ensuring equivalence based on a functional approach, and using compensation and paraphrase methods. The results of the study serve to improve the quality of simultaneous translation, develop the professional competence of translators, and enrich the theory of translation studies.