THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND TRANSNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ENSURING THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

Abstrak

This article investigates the transnational system for safeguarding children's rights during global digitalization, specifically analyzing the role of international organizations (UN, UNICEF, ITU, Council of Europe, EU) in developing legal frameworks and mechanisms to protect minors in the digital environment. The study addresses the structural gap between abstract international human rights norms and technically effective domestic enforcement. This issue is aggravated by borderless digital threats, limited regulatory capacities in the Global South, and insufficient control over private tech companies. To examine this, the research employs doctrinal legal analysis and a comparative study of hard and soft law instruments, including UNCRC General Comment No. 25 and technical standards from the OECD and ITU. While significant normative progress has established the "Safety by Design" principle, enforcement remains uneven. International bodies are shifting toward technical standardization and Public-Private-Civic partnerships like the WeProtect Global Alliance and Interpol’s Childhood Project.