MITOXONDRIAL IRSIYAT ASOSIDAGI KASALLIKLAR: GENETIK XUSUSIYATLARI VA KLINIK KO‘RINISHLARI
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Mitoxondriya, mtDNK, irsiyat, geteroplazmiya, MELAS, LHON, Kearns-Sayre sindromi, mushak biopsiyasi, patologik anatomiya, genetik mutatsiya, energiya almashinuvi.Abstrak
Ushbu darslik materiali mitoxondrial irsiyat asosida rivojlanadigan kasalliklarning genetik xususiyatlari, patomorfologik o‘zgarishlari va klinik ifodalanishlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Mitoxondriyalar hujayra energiyasini ishlab chiqarishda markaziy rol o‘ynaydi, ularning DNKsi esa faqat onalik yo‘li orqali nasldan-naslga o‘tadi. Mitoxondrial DNKdagi mutatsiyalar hujayra metabolizmining buzilishiga olib kelib, asosan energiyaga ehtiyoji yuqori bo‘lgan to‘qimalar – asab, mushak, yurak, ko‘z va buyrak tizimlarini zararlaydi. Ushbu kasalliklar ko‘pincha polimorf belgilar bilan namoyon bo‘lib, tashxis qo‘yishda klinik, laborator, morfologik va molekulyar-genetik yondashuvlar zarur bo‘ladi. Darslikda mitoxondriyalarning tuzilishi, genetik mexanizmlari, geteroplazmiya tushunchasi, shuningdek, MELAS, LHON va Kearns-Sayre kabi sindromlarning asosiy belgilariga chuqur yondashilgan. Patologik anatomiya fanining asosiy tamoyillariga tayangan holda mushak biopsiyasi va boshqa gistologik tahlillar orqali tashxislash usullari yoritilgan. Ushbu ma’lumotlar talabalar uchun mitoxondrial kasalliklarning molekulyar asoslari va klinik jihatlarini tushunishda muhim manba hisoblanadi.
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