NOQONUNIY MIGRATSIYA VA UNING IQTISODIYOT VA XAVFSIZLIKKA TA’SIRI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20390333Keywords:
noqonuniy migratsiya, iqtisodiy ta’sir, milliy xavfsizlik, mehnat bozori, iqlim o‘zgarishi, UNHCR, qochqinlar, chegaralar nazorati, xalqaro migratsiya.Abstract
This article analyzes the root causes of irregular migration—such as economic inequality, political instability, climate change, and social factors—while examining its multifaceted impact on the economy and security of host countries from a scientific perspective. The study is based on documents from international organizations, the theoretical works of leading scholars including Massey, Castles, Borjas, and Hanson, as well as contemporary empirical research. Issues concerning the labor market, taxation systems, national security, and border control are highlighted through quantitative indicators. The findings demonstrate that a one-sided approach to irregular migration is insufficient, as this complex phenomenon encompasses both opportunities and risk factors. To develop effective solutions, the study recommends addressing the root causes of migration, expanding legal channels, and strengthening international cooperation.References
Baker Institute for Public Policy. (2025). Social and economic effects of expanded deportation measures. Rice University. https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/social-and-economic-effects-expanded deportation-measures
Borjas, G. J. (1989). Economic theory and international migration. International Migration Review, 23(3), 457–485. https://doi.org/10.2307/2546424
Borjas, G. J., Grogger, J., & Hanson, G. H. (2010). Immigration and the economic status of African-American men. Economica, 77(306), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2010.00843.x
Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2009). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Congressional Budget Office. (2024). The effects of the immigration surge on the federal budget and the economy. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/60165
Council on Foreign Relations. (2023). U.S. Immigration Policy. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-immigration-policy
Faini, R. (2007). Remittances and protection in South–North migration. Economic Policy, 22(50), 344–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0327.2007.00180.x
Freedman, M., & Mehlum, H. (2021). Illegal immigration and terrorism: Evidence from the US states. Social Science Research, 94, 102514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102514
Frontex. (2024). Migratory routes: Central Mediterranean. European Border and Coast Guard Agency. https://www.frontex.europa.eu/what-we-do/monitoring-and-risk-analysis/migratory-routes/central-mediterranean
Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis. The American Economic Review, 60(1), 126–142.
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). (2023). 2023 Annual report to Parliament on immigration. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/publications-manuals/annual-report-parliament-immigration-2023.html
International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2024). A Decade of Documenting Migrant Deaths. Global Migration Data Analysis Centre. https://missingmigrants.iom.int/
Kapetanovic, A., Dechesne, M., & Van der Leun, J. (2024). The entanglement of irregular migration and organized crime: A security perspective. European Journal of Criminology.
Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431–466. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462
Massey, D. S., & Taylor, J. E. (2004). International migration and economic development: Lessons from low-income countries. In D. S. Massey & J. E. Taylor (Eds.), International Migration and Economic Development (pp. 157–173). Oxford University Press.
Migration Policy Institute. (2025). Immigration and Public Safety: Examining the Evidence on Crime and Integration. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/immigration-public-safety-evidence
Nowrasteh, A. (2024). Terrorism and Immigration: A Risk Analysis, 1975–2023. Cato Institute Policy Analysis. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/terrorism-immigration-risk-analysis-1975-2023
Pope, A. (2019). The intersection of national security and migration. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/intersection-national-security-migration
Sadovskaya, E. (2021, April 30). Trends in modern labor migration in Central Asia. CABAR.asia.
Stark, O., & Bloom, D. E. (1985). The new economics of labor migration. The American Economic Review, 75(2), 173–178.
UNHCR. (1951). Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html
UNHCR. (2023). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022. UNHCR Flagship Reports. https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2022
UNHCR. (2024). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2023. UNHCR Flagship Reports. https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2023
United Nations General Assembly. (2016). New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (A/RES/71/1). https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_71_1.pdf
World Bank. (2023). Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report 2022: Pathways out of the Polycrisis. World Bank Publications. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative Academy RSC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
