LITERATURE REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF ACE INHIBITORS AND CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IN HYPERTENSION

Abstract

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases and mortality worldwide. Effective management involves lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions. Among antihypertensive drugs, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril) and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) (e.g., Amlodipine) are frequently prescribed. While both drug classes effectively reduce blood pressure, they differ in mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. This review aims to analyze and compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers based on existing literature, identify research gaps, and provide insights into optimizing their use in hypertension management.