STUDY OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL ISSUES IN EUROPE

Abstrak

This article examines the historical development and academic study of Islamic theological issues in Europe from the eighth century to the present day. The research analyzes the evolution of European approaches to Islamic theology, beginning with the earliest Christian polemical writings on Islam and continuing through the emergence of modern Islamic studies in European academic institutions. Special attention is given to the contributions of prominent European theologians, orientalists, translators, and Islamic studies scholars who played a significant role in introducing Islamic intellectual traditions to Western academia.