TRANSLATION FEATURES OF ENGLISH IT TERMS INTO UZBEK AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES

Abstract

This article examines the translation features of English IT terminology into Uzbek and Karakalpak languages. The study identifies four main translation strategies: borrowing, calquing, descriptive derivation, and semantic extension. The research shows that many English IT terms lack direct equivalents and therefore require neologism formation or semantic adaptation. Uzbek and Karakalpak demonstrate both similarities and differences in terminology development due to orthographic variation, script reforms, and differing levels of digital modernization. Karakalpak remains more vulnerable because of its smaller speaker base and reliance on Uzbek and Russian intermediary translations. The study concludes that effective IT term translation depends on consistent standardization, digital implementation, and bilingual lexicographic support.