RISK IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF CREDIT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
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Abstrak:
International letters of credit (LCs) are essential instruments in global trade, providing secure payment mechanisms between exporters and importers. Issued by commercial banks, LCs guarantee payment to the seller upon the fulfillment of specific terms and the presentation of required documents. This mechanism reduces the risk of non-payment and builds trust between international trading partners.
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Bertrams, R. I. V. F. (2004). Bank Guarantees in International Trade (3rd ed.). Kluwer Law International.
Ellinger, E. P., & Neo, D. (2010). The Law and Practice of Documentary Letters of Credit (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
International Chamber of Commerce. (2007). UCP 600: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits. ICC Publication No. 600, Paris.
Klapper, L., & Randall, D. (2019). Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey. World Bank Group. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org
Liu, C., & Yeung, S. M. (2020). Digital Transformation in Trade Finance: Trends and Policy Implications. Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 35(3), 165–178.
