CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20697259Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common oncohematological disease in adults, characterized as a clonal malignant proliferative heterogeneous disorder of small lymphocytes. It is associated with the accumulation of clonal cells in the bone marrow and reticular system. In many cases, CLL follows an indolent course; however, in some instances, it progresses rapidly and may lead to fatal outcomes. Therefore, determining the prognosis of this disease requires an individualized approach.References
Hallek M. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment. American Journal of Hematology. 2023;98(5):818–838.
Campo E, Cymbalista F, Ghia P, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. In: WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematolymphoid Tumours. 5th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2022. p. 229–236.
Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36(7):1720–1748.
Eichhorst B, Robak T, Montserrat E, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2021;32(1):23–33.
Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, et al. iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL. Blood. 2018;131(25):2745–2760.
Rossi D, Gaidano G. Biological and clinical prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2021;35(4):673–689.
Bain BJ. Blood Cells: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2022.
Hoffbrand AV, Higgs DR, Keeling DM, Mehta AB. Hoffbrand's Essential Haematology. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell; 2019.
Rodgers GP, Young NS, eds. Bethesda Handbook of Clinical Hematology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2023.
Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al., eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Revised 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2017.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Innovative Academy RSC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
