QO‘SHILGAN QIYMAT SOLIG‘I VA AKSIZ SOLIG‘INING BYUDJET DAROMADLARIDAGI ULUSHI VA BARQARORLIKKA TA’SIRI

Abstract

This study examines the role of direct and indirect taxes in the fiscal system, with particular attention to Value Added Tax (VAT) and excise taxes. The paper analyzes the balance between income-based taxes and consumption-based taxes and highlights their impact on fiscal stability, revenue generation, and public finance management. Indirect taxes such as VAT and excise duties are widely used because they provide stable and predictable revenue streams for governments. The study also discusses the administrative efficiency of tax collection, the distribution of revenue between central and local governments, and different mechanisms of revenue sharing and fiscal transfers. In addition, the paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of VAT, including its contribution to budget stability, economic growth, and social welfare, while also addressing potential challenges such as increased business costs and limited tax autonomy at the local level. The findings suggest that effective tax administration, balanced tax policies, and targeted exemptions are essential to ensure fiscal stability and equitable income distribution.