Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

Generally speaking, drugs that affect an organism's metabolism are those that are broken down by the body's metabolic pathways, which frequently involve liver enzymes such as those in the cytochrome P450 family. These medications' duration of action and excretion may be impacted by a variety of metabolic processes, including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation. Another important factor is the gut microbiota, where bacteria either directly metabolize medications or have an impact on human metabolic processes. The majority of medications are chemically changed by different body systems to produce molecules that are easier for the body to eliminate. These chemical changes, referred to as biotransformations, mostly take place in the liver. Planning customized pharmacological interventions for patients requires an understanding of the molecular changes that medicines go through during metabolism. This exercise goes on polypharmacy, biotransformations, and drug metabolism.

Osteogenic sarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors in pediatric patients, necessitating early and accurate diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes. A multimodal radiological approach, integrating conventional radiography, MRI, CT, and PET scans, offers a comprehensive diagnostic pathway. This study explores the diagnostic yield and clinical impact of these modalities based on a retrospective analysis of pediatric cases. Findings reveal that MRI and PET provide superior sensitivity for local and metastatic assessment, while X-rays remain critical for initial detection. By employing combined imaging strategies, clinicians can optimize diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic planning. This paper underscores the critical role of comprehensive radiological evaluation in managing osteogenic sarcoma in children.

Drave sindromi – bu hayotning birinchi yilida namoyon bo'ladigan, erta boshlangan, rivojlanish va epileptik ensefalopatiya. Taqdimot odatda istma bilan bog'liq bo'lgan uzoq davom etadigan miyoklonik va atonik-astatik xurujlar bilan namoyon bo'ladi. Bolalarda xurujlar boshlanishidan oldin psixomotor rivojlanishi yoshiga mos, ammo 18 oyligidan boshlab sekinlasha boshlaydi va vaqt o'tishi bilan nutq, harakatchanlik va ovqatlanishning buzilishi rivojlanadi. Bemorlarning uncha ko’p bo’lmagan qismida  (10-15%) SCN1B natriy kanali genida mutatsiyaga ega, ammo SCN1B mutatsiyalari epilepsiyaning kamroq og'ir shakllari, masalan, febril tutqanoqli generallashgan epilepsiya (GEFS) bilan bog'liq bo'lishi ham mumkin. Ushbu ko'rib chiqishning maqsadi Drave sindromida tutqanoqni davolashda qaysi antiepileptic preparatlar (monoterapiya yoki qo'shimcha) samarali ekanligini aniqlashdir.

This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across the pharmaceutical industry, including drug discovery, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, personalized medicine, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article also investigates the technical, ethical, regulatory, and economic challenges associated with AI implementation. Future prospects such as digital twin technologies, quantum computing, and biologically interfaced AI are discussed. The study includes systematic analysis of 157 Scopus-indexed publications, expert assessments, and policy frameworks. The paper concludes with specific strategic recommendations for Uzbekistan to establish itself as a regional AI leader in pharmaceutical innovation.

The rising incidence of Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by an increase in mortality from this pathology. Today, the global diabetes epidemic represents a serious public health challenge. The pathophysiological aspects of DR development suggest that dyslipidemia is a risk factor for diabetic changes in the retina. Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive eye disease that occurs as a result of long-term hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus. A healthy lifestyle, constant monitoring of blood glucose levels, and regular check-ups play a key role in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy

Тубулғибаргли бўймодарон ва тоғ дастарбоши  таркибли гижжа хайдовчи йиғманинг сифат кўрсаткичлари аниқланди.  Микробиологик тозалиги радионуклидлар, пестицидларнинг қолдиқ таркиби, оғир металларнинг таркиби илк бор ўрганилди. Олинган натижаларга кўра экологик тозалигини ва тавсия этилган йиғмадан хавфсиз фойдаланиш мумкинлигини тасдиқлади.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently coexist, particularly in elderly populations. Their coexistence increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to complex pathophysiological interactions such as accelerated atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and disturbances in water-electrolyte balance. This study aims to optimize percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes in patients with CAD and CKD by evaluating diagnostic approaches, procedural strategies, and peri-procedural management. We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with CAD and CKD who underwent PCI between 2022 and 2024 at the Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after acad. V. Vakhidov. Data included demographics, CKD stage distribution, procedural details, and short-term outcomes. The majority of patients (46%) were in CKD stage 3, with a mean age of 64 years. PCI was associated with a high procedural success rate (>95%), while contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) occurred in 9% of cases, predominantly in advanced CKD stages. Conclusion: Optimizing PCI in CKD patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, minimization of contrast volume, and close monitoring of renal function. Our findings support the integration of nephrology and cardiology expertise to improve outcomes in this high-risk group.

Currently, the irrational use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is very common and causes side effects on the liver. In this regard, our study was aimed at a model of paracetamol-induced ulcer in 30 laboratory rats, weighing 200-220 grams of both sexes, which were administered the studied Safro-Hep extract and the reference drug Legalon. The results showed that Safro-Hep is not inferior to Legalon and has a hepatoprotective effect.

This article highlights the significance of a personalized approach in the treatment of chronic daily headaches (CDH). Special attention is given to the role of genetic and vascular markers in the pathogenesis of the disease and the effectiveness of therapy. Genetic factors play a key role in determining the individual characteristics of headaches and in predicting the body’s response to medications. Vascular markers allow the assessment of changes in cerebral circulation and brain trophics. The results of scientific analysis demonstrate that the use of personalized therapy can enhance treatment effectiveness, reduce side effects, and improve patients’ quality of life.

The article presents the results of the analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters in 158 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) depending on the eGFR level. The patients were divided into four groups. A statistically significant correlation was established between a decrease in eGFR and an increase in the level of congestion markers (CA125), uric acid, phosphorus, iPTH, as well as the frequency of albuminuria. Changes in hemodynamic parameters and nutritional status were also identified, reflecting the progression of heart and kidney failure.

This study investigates the extraction and characterization of lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins known for their wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial and anticancer effects. The seeds were extracted in phosphate-buffered saline, and incubation time was optimized. Maximum protein yield (42.7 mg) was obtained after 10 hours. Ammonium sulfate at 75–80% concentration was most effective for protein precipitation, coinciding with peak hemagglutination activity. Purification was performed using gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. The biological activity of lectin was tested at different temperatures and pH levels. High activity was observed at 20–25°C and pH 5.0–8.0. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the molecular weight of lectin to be around 62–63 kDa. The findings confirm that Phaseolus vulgaris lectin is a stable and active protein with promising applications in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research

This article analyzes the scientific and practical significance of introducing the medicinal plant Qashqarbeda (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.) in the environmental conditions of Karakalpakstan. The study provides detailed information on the biological characteristics, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties of the plant. Through table, the multifunctional benefits of Qashqarbeda, including drought resistance, soil-enriching qualities, and its importance in both pharmaceutical production and traditional medicine, are highlighted. The findings suggest that Qashqarbeda has great potential as a valuable medicinal raw material in the ecological conditions of Karakalpakstan.

The increasing incidence of malignant neoplasms of various localizations is making them an increasingly serious problem for modern medicine, both in clinical practice and in prevention. Unfortunately, the proportion of advanced cases remains high, and tumor recurrences are often poorly responsive to repeated treatment and are accompanied by significant complications. This underscores the urgent need to improve methods for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer

This study focuses on the development and comprehensive evaluation of suppository dosage forms containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) to assess their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Given the growing interest in the application of nanomaterials in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for localized drug delivery, the incorporation of ZnO-NPs into suppositories represents a promising approach for treating infectious and inflammatory gynecological conditions. The developed suppositories demonstrated uniform nanoparticle distribution, ensuring formulation stability, dosage consistency, and controlled release of the active ingredient.

Нанотехнологии занимают всё более значимое место в современной медицине, открывая широкие перспективы для создания инновационных лекарственных средств с высокой биологической активностью и целенаправленным действием. Одним из наиболее перспективных направлений является использование наночастиц оксида цинка (ZnO-NPs), обладающих выраженными антимикробными, противовоспалительными, антиоксидантными и ранозаживляющими свойствами. Однако внедрение подобных наноматериалов в клиническую практику требует предварительной и всесторонней оценки их качества и безопасности. Особое внимание при разработке субстанций с наночастицами оксида цинка следует уделять микробиологической чистоте, поскольку наличие контаминантов — особенно патогенных и условно-патогенных микроорганизмов — может не только снижать эффективность препарата, но и представлять прямую угрозу здоровью пациента. Оценка микробиологической чистоты является ключевым этапом валидации фармацевтических субстанций, позволяя установить соответствие требованиям нормативной документации.

Medicinal products derived from plant raw materials play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Vitamins, despite their low quantitative content compared to proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, are essential organic compounds that ensure normal metabolic processes and maintain physiological balance. Their deficiency can lead to metabolic disorders, hypovitaminosis, and even severe pathological conditions. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) is a medicinal plant widely used in hepatoprotective therapy due to its biologically active compounds. However, limited attention has been paid to the vitamin composition of its extracts. This study focuses on the determination of water-soluble vitamins in the dry extract of Silybum marianum L. seeds (after defatting) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The study of amino acids in the dry extract of Silybum marianum seeds was carried out. As a result of the conducted research, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was determined that the dry extract contains 20 amino acids, of which 8 are essential amino acids. This composition indicates the high biological value of the extract. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the dry extract of Silybum marianum seeds for further scientific investigations.

Annexin-A1 has a clearly defined anti-inflammatory role in the innate immune system, however, its function in acquired immunity still remains a controversial issue. It has been established that the protein produced under the influence of this glucocorticoid is involved in various inflammatory conditions and cancers, as well as in T-cells of patients with autoimmune diseases. In addition, it has been established that the annexin-A1 receptor family, primarily signal-transmitting formyl peptides, plays a significant role in these diseases. In contrast, treatment with recombinant peptides annexin-A1 led to suppression of inflammatory processes in inflammatory models. This review focuses on what is currently known about annexin-A1 in health and disease and discusses the potential of this protein as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Pulmonary diseases represent one of the most pressing and complex challenges in global healthcare, with their etiology rooted in the intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and infectious factors. This article provides an in-depth scientific analysis of the causes, pathogenetic mechanisms, and consequences of pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. Key causes include genetic predispositions (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, CFTR gene mutations), environmental factors (tobacco smoking, air pollution, occupational hazards), and infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The consequences encompass respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular diseases, and psychological issues at the individual level, as well as economic losses and burdens on healthcare systems at the societal level. The article highlights the importance of preventive measures, including smoking cessation, vaccination, and air quality improvement, while also discussing future research directions such as gene therapy and artificial intelligence-based diagnostic methods. This work emphasizes the need to enhance global healthcare strategies and strengthen environmental protection measures.

As we know, common peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) is widely distributed throughout the world and is distinguished by its biologically active substances and their effective effects. As a result of the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, common peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) is of particular importance as a promising plant, exhibiting antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral effects. This article presents information on the pharmacological activity of common peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) studied by scientists