INCENTIVE MECHANISMS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE: THEORY, LAW AND PRACTICE

Abstract

This article examines the concept, types, and legal foundations of incentives in the civil service. It analyses classical scholarly classifications, including moral, material, legal, and mixed incentives, as well as distinctions between formal and informal forms of encouragement. The study also compares incentive systems in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Lithuania, highlighting the role of state awards, privileges, and performance-based recognition. Furthermore, the article explores structural problems in labour regulation within the civil service of Uzbekistan, noting persistent issues such as excessive workload, informal practices, and reduced attractiveness of public service among youth. Drawing on international experience, the paper proposes modern approaches—such as flexible work arrangements, remote-work mechanisms, and strengthened social guarantees—to improve efficiency and motivation in the public sector.