GENOCIDE PREVENTION MECHANISMS IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
Abstract
Genocide represents one of the gravest international crimes threatening humanity, international peace, and global security. Despite the existence of international legal instruments prohibiting genocide, mass atrocities continue to occur in various parts of the world. This article examines the international legal mechanisms aimed at preventing genocide within the framework of international criminal law. Particular attention is devoted to the legal definition of genocide, the role of the United Nations, the International Criminal Court, ad hoc international tribunals, and the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The article also analyzes contemporary challenges associated with early warning systems, political inaction, state sovereignty, and enforcement deficiencies. Furthermore, recommendations are proposed for strengthening international cooperation, improving preventive diplomacy, and enhancing accountability mechanisms in order to prevent future genocides.
References
William A. Schabas, Genocide in International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 3;
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, United Nations, 1948;
Article II of the Genocide Convention of 1948;
Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 128;
Charter of the United Nations, Chapter VII;
Roméo Dallaire, Shake Hands with the Devil (Random House, 2004), p. 221;
Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, ICTR-96-4-T, Judgment of 2 September 1998;
Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić, IT-98-33-T, ICTY Judgment of 2 August 2001;
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998;
United Nations World Summit Outcome Document, 2005;
Gareth Evans, The Responsibility to Protect (Brookings Institution Press, 2008), p. 55;
Gregory Stanton, “The Ten Stages of Genocide,” Genocide Watch, 2016.
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