SENTENCE TYPES ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE OF EXPRESSION IN ENGLISH: A FUNCTIONAL AND PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

Аннотация

The sentence, as a fundamental unit of language, serves not only as a grammatical construction but also as a vehicle for social and communicative action. This study examines sentence types according to the purpose of expression, focusing on the interplay between grammatical form, pragmatic function, and discourse context. Through an integration of functional grammar, speech-act theory, and discourse analysis, the research investigates how declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences operate to convey information, elicit responses, direct behavior, and express emotion. The analysis further explores the dynamic relationship between syntactic structure, intonation, and communicative intention, demonstrating how sentences achieve both literal and pragmatic effects. Extensive examples from spoken and written English, along with consideration of indirect and context-dependent usages, illustrate that sentence types are flexible and multifunctional rather than rigidly categorical. The findings underscore the essential role of sentence classification in structuring discourse, managing interaction, and enhancing expressive and persuasive power in communication. This article offers a comprehensive reinterpretation of sentence functionality, providing insights for linguistic theory, discourse studies, and language pedagogy.