Immunological assessment of the course of the disease in synovitis of the knee joint

Abstract

The synovium is a frequent target in rheumatic diseases. The search for diagnostic criteria and determination of the dynamics of the pathological process necessitate standardization of biopsy diagnostic methods and quantitative assessment of morphological changes using digital imaging methods. The main methods for obtaining samples of the synovial membrane are considered. The main morphological and immunohistochemical differences in synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis are presented. Various immunological and autoinflammatory mechanisms for the development of these diseases have been shown. Inflammation in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis is characterized by various stages of morphogenesis, as evidenced by the expression of various cellular markers. Rheumatoid synovitis is an autoimmune process, synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by autoinflammatory processes, and in osteoarthritis, biomechanical factors are the leading ones, as initiators of inflammation in the joint.