THE FORMATION OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN DURING WORLD WAR II AND THE ROLE OF NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CADRES (1943–1953)

Аннотация

Article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the institutional foundation and early development of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR between 1943 and 1953. It explores the paradoxical establishment of this premier scientific institution during the height of World War II, examining the structural shift from the Uzbek Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (FANUZ) to an independent republican academy. The study highlights the dual nature of this process: the critical intellectual input from evacuated Soviet scientists and the simultaneous mobilization and rise of indigenous, national scientific cadres. Specialized attention is given to the contributions of pioneering Uzbek scientists in fields such as mathematics, geology, and chemistry, which were vital for both wartime defense and post-war industrial reconstruction. Finally, the paper analyzes the tightening of ideological control and the impact of late-Stalinist political purges on the national scientific elite prior to 1953.