Молодые ученые

Mazkur maqolada mehnat jamoasi tushunchasi, uning shakllanish jarayonlari va jamoadagi ijtimoiy-psixologik munosabatlar tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, guruh va jamoa tushunchalari, ularning turlari, rivojlanish bosqichlari hamda jamoada liderlik, norasmiy guruhlar va psixologik moslik kabi omillarning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Maqolada mehnat jamoasining korxona faoliyati samaradorligiga ta’siri, xodimlar o‘rtasidagi hamkorlik, o‘zaro munosabatlar va jamoani boshqarishda rahbarning o‘rni nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilingan.

The learner-centered teaching technology has become one of the most influential pedagogical approaches in modern education systems due to its focus on individual learner needs, interests, abilities, and learning styles. This article analyzes the effectiveness of learner-centered teaching technology in the educational process based on scientific and empirical research. The study examines its theoretical foundations, methodological principles, learning outcomes, and practical implementation in educational institutions. The analysis demonstrates that learner-centered teaching positively influences academic achievement, learner motivation, critical thinking, and self-regulation skills. The article also discusses challenges in implementation and provides evidence-based conclusions drawn from international and regional pedagogical studies.

Ushbu maqolada saraton kasalligining turlaridan biri bo‘lgan bachadon bo‘yni saratonini (BBS) erta tashxislash va oldini olish masalasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Unda erta bosqichlarning asemptomatik kechishi o‘rganiladi va muntazam skrining (PAP testi, IPV), emlash orqali birlamchi profilaktikaning muhim roli ta’kidlanadi. Yaxshi tashkil etilgan profilaktika choralari onalar va reproduktiv salomatlikni samarali himoya qilishga qanday hissa qo‘shishiga alohida e'tibor qaratiladi.

Ушбу мақола умуртқа поғонасининг патологик синишлари муаммосига бағишланган. Патологик синишлар соғлом суякни синдириш учун етарли бўлмаган арзимас травмалар ёки кундалик ҳаракатлар натижасида юзага келади ва суяк тўқимасининг олдиндан мавжуд бўлган касалликлари (остеопороз, ўсмалар, инфекциялар) оқибати ҳисобланади. Мақолада касалликнинг келиб чиқиш сабаблари, клиник белгилари, замонавий диагностика усуллари ва консерватив ҳамда хирургик даволаш тактикалари батафсил кўриб чиқилган.

This thesis examines the main semantic features of idioms in contemporary English. Idioms are analyzed as stable language units with indivisible and figurative meanings. The study focuses on the emotional and expressive coloring of idioms, their cultural specificity, and their role in shaping the linguistic worldview. It also discusses the difficulties idioms cause in translation and intercultural communication. Understanding idiomatic semantics is important for effective language teaching, translation practice, and intercultural communication.

this study explores the cross-cultural interpretation of cultural realities in English literary texts, emphasizing how literature reflects and negotiates diverse social, historical, and cultural contexts. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study examines selected literary works to identify culturally embedded themes, symbols, and narrative strategies. Findings suggest that cross-cultural reading enhances readers’ understanding of both source and target cultures, promoting empathy, intercultural awareness, and critical thinking. The study also highlights challenges in interpreting culturally specific elements and the importance of contextual knowledge. Implications for teaching and literary analysis underscore the value of integrating crosscultural perspectives into English literary studies.

This article investigates the comparative effectiveness of formative and summative assessment in improving academic achievement and learner motivation among Grade 9 students. While summative assessment has traditionally been used to evaluate learning outcomes at the end of instructional units, formative assessment focuses on continuous feedback and progress monitoring during the learning process. The study was conducted at School 16 in Norin district with Grade 9 students divided into an experimental group (formative assessment) and a control group (summative assessment). The results revealed that students exposed to formative assessment demonstrated higher academic achievement, stronger engagement, and reduced test anxiety compared to those assessed primarily through summative methods. The findings suggest that although both assessment types serve important purposes, formative assessment is more effective in promoting long-term learning and student development.

Острый калькулёзный холецистит (ОХ) занимает второе место среди неотложных хирургических заболеваний брюшной полости и является причиной более 200 000 экстренных холецистэктомий ежегодно в странах Европейского союза (Gallaher J.R., Charles A., 2022). Прогрессирование воспалительного процесса от флегмонозного к гангренозному и перфоративному холециститу определяется не только бактериальной агрессией, но прежде всего нарушением микроциркуляции в стенке желчного пузыря (ЖП) (Натрошвили И.Г., 2020). Считается, что как только ишемия стенки ЖП становится необратимой, антибактериальная терапия не предотвращает развитие её некроза (Adachi T. et al., 2022). В физиологических условиях ответом на локальную гипоксию является активация системы сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста (VEGF-A), который стимулирует ангиогенез, восстанавливает капиллярную перфузию и ограничивает зону ишемического повреждения (Ferrara N. et al., 2003).