In this article, the cultural and periodic features of the archaeological monuments of the Mesolithic era located on the Ustyurt Plateau are analyzed in detail. Based on the lifestyle of the population of the Mesolithic era, labor tools, monuments, and chronological features, the development of civilization in this region is studied. Conclusions were also made about the role of these monuments in the ancient history of Uzbekistan and their significance in the archaeology of Central Asia. It is based on scientific analysis, archaeological data, findings, and existing theories.

This article provides views on natural monuments, their study and protection, in particular, the identification of natural monuments in Bukhara region, the collection of statistical data on them and their protection.

This article provides views on natural monuments, their study and protection, in particular, the identification of natural monuments in Bukhara region, the collection of statistical data on SDROW YEK t hem and thei

This article provides information on the basis of historical sources about historical architectural monuments and shrines located in the Kashkadarya oasis, in particular in the city of Karshi.

As a result of the archaeological research conducted in the Fergana valley, several hundred archaeological monuments from the early Paleolithic period to the Middle Ages were found and studied. Monuments of ancient agriculture are mainly located along the banks of streams. That is, the ancient inhabitants gradually started farming in low, easy-to-irrigate places on the banks of rivers and springs. The developments of A.N.Bernshtam, B.A.Latynin, Yu.A.Zadneprovsky, N.G.Gorbunova and B.Abdulgazieva regarding the zoning of monuments based on water sources were analyzed in depth.

In this article, the history and description of the related archaeological monuments of Karatepa and Fayoztepa, located in the territory of Old Termiz, as well as quotes from the conclusions of the scientific research of well-known archaeologists are presented. The issues of conservation and preservation of these monuments were discussed.

The article examines the sculptural art of Khorezm in the ancient period on the basis of archaeological materials. In Khorezm, the art of sculpture was formed in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Terracotta made of ceramics and gypsum was found on ancient monuments in Toprak kala, Kalalygyr, Khazarasp, Zhanbas kala, Bazarkala, Teshikkala, Akshakhan kala, Koy-krylgan kala. They are made in the form of a god, a man, a woman and various animal creatures. This material is evidence of the development of Khorezm sculpture of the ancient period.

The article discusses the origin of patterns and ornaments used in the historical monuments of Central Asia, their division into species and their differences from each other, scientifically analyzes the patterns and ornaments and provides information about their compositional solutions.

In this article, a brief overview is provided regarding the emergence of historical and cultural monuments in the ancient Khorezm region, including when and how they came into existence, the characteristics of urban planning, the formation of early city structures, the economic life and lifestyle of the inhabitants of these settlements, as well as their significance in our history.

The article discusses the origin of patterns and ornaments used in the historical monuments of Central Asia, their division into species and their differences from each other, scientifically analyzes the patterns and ornaments and provides information about their compositional solutions.

this article gives the information about some historic places of Bukhara. The influences and the importance of these historical monuments on culture and technology are also discussed in this article.

This article provides extensive and useful information about the life and work of Yusuf Khas Hajib, and his famous epic “Qutadgu bilig” which was created as a first large-scale literary enlightenment work in the Turkish language. Yusuf Khas Hajib made great
preparations to write his work that he travelled China and through East Turkestan. He explored and got information about various monuments there. That is why readers can find various topics in the play.

This article analyzes the preservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites in the Kashkadarya region. The study emphasizes that safeguarding cultural heritage is one of the state policy priorities in Uzbekistan’s national development. It highlights the restoration processes, government initiatives, public involvement, and the role of cultural sites in tourism development.

From the early years of independence, great attention is being paid to the preservation, study and promotion of written monuments reflecting our centuries-old cultural and scientific achievements. It is known that libraries have been a center of spirituality and enlightenment for people since time immemorial, and the human race has always lived in search of books.

This article deals with the history of English and Uzbek children’s literature and its development and gives information about its representatives. English children’s literature is closely connected with the folklore, the oldest literary monuments, myths and legends, songs, the moral and educational essence of such works, didactic principles and works dedicated to the children.

Tourism entered the 21st century as a socio-economic system that has a significant impact on the world economy. According to the information of world tourism organizations, it makes up 10% of the production and service turnover in the world. If we pay attention to the world scene today, we can see that international tourism and domestic tourism are strong exports of goods and services. Tourism is the study of history, getting to know other nations and peoples, and enjoying their cultural monuments. , is also an economic flow.

The article talks about the valuable development of tourism in the Uzbek national mentality. Also, the national values, material and cultural heritage of the Uzbek people, turning the traditions of hospitality into a tourism phenomenon, developing the tourism culture in the Uzbek national mentality from the point of view of values, taking into account the national and religious affiliation, traditions, and lifestyle of tourists, the level of demand for hotel services for foreign tourists , preservation of the original appearance of ancient monuments due to restoration, adaptation of services in places of pilgrimage, hotels, recreation centers to the religion, mentality and lifestyle of guests, as well as the combination of historicity and modernity are dialectically analyzed.

This article provides a broad analysis of the historical development of humanistic ideas in Uzbek literature. Starting from ancient written monuments, it examines the various manifestations of humanism during the Eastern Renaissance, the Timurid literary school, the Jadid movement, and contemporary literature of the independence period. Through the works of such writers as Alisher Navoi, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, Abdulla Qodiriy, Cho‘lpon, Erkin Vohidov, Abdulla Oripov, and Tog‘ay Murod, the concepts of human dignity, justice, compassion, freedom, and spiritual perfection are highlighted. Furthermore, the views of scholars are presented, enriched with literary criticism perspectives. The results of the study demonstrate that humanism is inherent to all stages of Uzbek literature, serving as an important spiritual foundation that unites national and universal values.

Global climate change is increasingly affecting the modern urban environment. As the process of urbanization accelerates, the phenomenon of the urban heat island is emerging in city areas. This phenomenon is characterized by higher air temperatures in urban territories compared to surrounding natural or rural areas. This study aims to analyze temperature changes observed in the city of Samarkand during the period from 2020 to 2025. Based on monthly maximum, minimum, and average temperature indicators, the dynamics of climate change were examined. The results of the analysis show that over the past five years the average temperature in Samarkand has increased by 2.7°C, while summer maximum temperatures in some periods have risen by up to 7°C. The research findings demonstrate the impact of the urban heat island phenomenon on energy systems, human health, and the sustainability of historical architectural monuments.

In this article, one of the priorities today is the development of our national values. Tourists coming to our country from all over the world are interested in the architectural monuments and traditions of Uzbekistan and seeing them with their own eyes makes a good impression on them. Foreign guests sometimes visit the clubs to see our traditions and participate in them. Here they watch performances in the entertainment venues and praise the Uzbek national entertainments. Another example: today, one is dazzled by the multi-story buildings and houses being built in all regions and cities of Uzbekistan. After the construction of such houses, of course, there will be a need for public dining facilities and entertainment facilities.

The recent policy of accelerated development of tourism in Uzbekistan, attraction of investments in the industry is aimed at maximum realization of the existing considerable potential and enhancement of the country's tourist image. The new impetus is built, first of all, on the solid foundation created in this area during the years of independence. Indeed, every year the interest in Uzbekistan as a land with an amazing history, bright architecture, unique culture is growing in the tourist world. And this is not accidental. There are over seven thousand monuments of different eras and civilizations on the territory of the republic, most of which are located in the ancient cities of the country, such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Tashkent, Shakhrisabz. They are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Rich flora and fauna, amazing landscape, contrast of natural zones, diversity of cultural traditions and national cuisine, united in one place, can be found only in a few corners of the planet.

This article examines the flourishing of architectural and decorative arts during the Timurid period, with particular attention to thematic ornamentation in monumental architecture and the development of muqarnas as a complex three-dimensional decorative system. Special emphasis is placed on the architectural projects of Mirzo Ulugʻbek, where astronomical imagery, symbolic motifs, and polychrome glazed decorations were widely applied. The theoretical foundations of muqarnas, as described in the works of Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi, are also analyzed. The study highlights the synthesis of science, symbolism, and aesthetics in Timurid architectural monuments.

In this article, the linguostatistical analysis of the inscription stone "Kultegin" is carried out. Onomastic units are analyzed and quantitative data of anthroponyms and zoonyms are given. Also, the names of the human body parts and weapons used in the stone inscription are explained.

In the process of creating this article, we briefly described the development of Applied Art in the image of the Tomb of Khodjamin, among our unique structures, which have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries. Among our ore, there is also a brief account of the creation and preservation of this mausoleum to this day.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the lexical-semantic features of somatic synonyms in Uzbek and Turkish languages. Words related to body parts have existed in both languages since ancient times and form a broad semantic network. The article investigates the synonymous variants of these units based on phonetic, semantic, and historical criteria. Using data from ancient Turkic written monuments, modern dictionaries, and corpus materials, the formation, functions, and stylistic differences of somatic synonyms are analyzed. Additionally, similarities and differences between synonymous units in Turkish and their equivalents in Uzbek are identified. The study aims to determine the semantic relationships, lexical system positions, and historical roots of somatic synonyms in Uzbek and Turkish. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the development of vocabulary in Turkic languages.