This article presents a comparative analysis of approaches to developing lexical competence through information technologies (IT) in the education systems of Uzbekistan and the United Kingdom. The study examines pedagogical strategies, digital tools, curriculum integration, and learner autonomy in vocabulary acquisition. The research highlights similarities and differences in policy orientation, technological infrastructure, and methodological practices. The findings demonstrate that while both systems recognize the importance of IT-enhanced lexical learning, the United Kingdom emphasizes learner-centered and adaptive technologies, whereas Uzbekistan focuses on systematic integration of digital resources within formal curricula.

This thesis provides detailed information about the various manuscript copies of Aḥmad ibn Yaḥyá al-Balādhurī's work “Futūḥ al-buldān”. Written by the famous historian al- Balādhurī, who lived in the 8th–9th centuries, the work covers the history of Arab conquests and Islamic expansions. The thesis examines manuscript copies of the work preserved in various libraries around the world, including Yale University in the United States, Leiden University in the Netherlands, the British Museum in the United Kingdom, and the Juma al-Majid Manuscripts Foundation in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

This article examines the economic consequences of the UK’s decision to leave the European Union in 2016, after over 4 decades of integration. Although the UK remains highly ranked in terms of HDI and GDP indices, Brexit has caused significant economic and political challenges. This article makes firm-level microanalysis, comparisons of the UK with similar developed countries before and after Brexit using reliable macroeconomic data provided by NBER. While the UK gained a political sovereignty and control, the article argues that Brexit’s economic costs outweigh these benefits. Additionally, this study highlights how British citizens’ opinions about Brexit changed over the years and how this decision will shape the UK’s economic trajectory in the upcoming years.

Маълумки, ҳозирги кунда жамият ҳаётининг деярли барча соҳаларини, шу жумладан таълим сифатини оширишни ахборот-коммуникация технологияларисиз тасаввур қилиш қийин. Агар чет эл тажрибасига назар ташлайдиган бўлсак, замонвий шароитда ахборот-коммуникацон технологияларнинг тезкор ривожланиши таълим жараёнида уларнинг имкониятларидан фойдаланиш учун қулай шароитни вужудга келтирди. Масалан, ҳозирда United Kingdom Open University (Буюк Британия) талабалари бевосита ахборот технологиялардан фойдаланиш орқали таълим олмоқдалар^[1]. Ахборотли технология педагогик технологиянинг таркибий қисми, техник воситаларининг мукаммаллашган замонавий тури сифатида таълим жараёнида қўлланила бошланди. Демак, узлуксиз таълим педагоглар зиммасига янада катта масъулият қўймоқда. Бу эса педагог учун нафақат педагогик маҳоратни балки ахборот технологиялардан оқилона фойдаланишни ҳам билишни талаб этмоқда.

There are certain categories of persons and bodies which, under international law, are immune from the jurisdiction of municipal courts. The two principal categories are foreign states (sovereign or state immunity) and their diplomatic agents (diplomatic immunity).  In international law state immunity refers to the legal rules and principles determining the conditions under which a foreign state may claim freedom from the jurisdiction (the legislative, judicial and administrative powers) of another state (often called the ‘forum state’). 

The article examines the image of the "little man" in A.N. Ostrovsky's drama Without a Dowry (1878–1879) through the character of Yuliy Kapitonych Karandyshev. It explores the impact of the 1861 emancipation reform on the play's social environment, where the old "dark kingdom" evolves amid emerging capitalist relations. Karandyshev is portrayed as a poor official living modestly, but the core of his "little man" status lies in society's contemptuous and humiliating attitude toward him. His vanity, petty egoism, and desire for recognition lead to both comic and tragic situations, culminating in the dinner scene and the final catastrophe. The author demonstrates the evolution of the "little man" theme in Russian literature post-Pushkin and Gogol: from a mere victim of circumstances to a complex figure combining humiliation with destructive self-love, deserving not only condemnation but also pity.

Variations in grammar between the United Kingdom and the United States are significantly less significant than differences in vocabulary, functional language, gestures, and potentially even spelling and punctuation (all dealt with in separate articles on this site). However, pupils will undoubtedly encounter grammatical distinctions between US and UK English at some time, even if it is merely to be told that there was no need to correct themselves a minute ago or that both of the solutions given in the book are valid. This article
summarizes the fundamental distinctions between grammar in American English and British English that students should be aware of, followed by teaching recommendations and classroom activities for presenting and practicing those differences.

The article explores the development of students’ independent study skills as a key component of modern education systems. It highlights how globalization, digitalization, and lifelong learning require learners to become self-regulated, motivated, and reflective. Drawing on theories by Zimmerman, Pintrich, and Deci & Ryan, the study emphasizes planning, strategy use, and feedback as essential elements of self-regulated learning. Through a comparative analysis of educational practices in the United Kingdom, Finland, Singapore, Australia, the United States, and Uzbekistan, the paper identifies shared strategies such as explicit instruction, formative assessment, and technology-enhanced learning environments. The research underscores that independent learning flourishes when autonomy is balanced with structure and supported by institutional frameworks. Uzbekistan’s current reforms are discussed within this global context, showing progress toward integrating international best practices. Ultimately, the article concludes that fostering independence requires deliberate design, teacher guidance, and consistent policy support for lifelong learning.

We are talking about the history of the United Kingdom and its traditions. This means that the British Isle was subjected to various invasions in the eleventh century. The OROL, on the other hand, was much more comfortable for strangers as it was washed by the warm currents of the Gulf

This thesis presents an extensive comparative study of Uzbek and British cultures, focusing on their core values, traditional customs, communication styles, and social norms. It highlights how historical, geographical, and social factors have shaped distinct worldviews and behavioral patterns in both societies. Using numerous examples from daily life, ceremonies, and interpersonal communication, and drawing on the works of prominent Uzbek scholars, this research aims to deepen intercultural understanding and promote respectful interactions between people from Uzbekistan and the United Kingdom.

Technology has been a strong driver for industrial efficiency in the twenty-first century. Rapid growth in infrastructure projects such as tunnels is synonymous with both disruptive and supportive technologies that automate operations. The sector has rapidly risen to the challenge from buyers demanding a more digitalised experience when looking to (re)design new tunnels. Currently there are projects in the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy investing in tunnels for their transport networks to help commuters to travel quicker.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the modern mechanism for resolving international online disputes — the institution of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). It explores the formation, development, and legal foundations of ODR, focusing on the distinctive features of Internet-based legal systems and their application in international trade, electronic commerce, and service sectors. The article includes a comparative analysis of the implementation and practices of ODR systems in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan, supported by statistical data.