Based on the provisions of the science of civil law, economics and civil legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, this article analyzes the features of the legal regulation of credit relations, the main provisions of legal acts regulating the activities of participants in credit relations in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Ushbu maqolada kredit tushunchasi, kredit turlari, kredit prinsiplari, kredit subyektlari, kredit funksiyalari, kredit resurslarining manbalari, kreditning mohiyati, kredit va kredit shakllari to’g’risida tushunchalar aks ettirilgan.

Credit card fraud represents a major issue, resulting in billions of dollars lost annually. Machine learning offers a solution for detecting such fraud by identifying patterns that indicate fraudulent transactions. Credit card fraud encompasses both the physical loss of a credit card and the theft of sensitive credit card information. Various machine learning algorithms can be employed for detection purposes. This project aims to develop a machine learning model specifically designed to identify credit card fraud. The model will be trained on a dataset of historical credit card transactions and evaluated using a separate holdout dataset of unseen transactions.

Data mining is the activity of extracting some useful knowledge from a large database using any of its methods. Due to a impetuous promotion in electronic commerce technology, in use from credit cards It has increased. As the credit card becomes the most popular payment method for both online and physical purchases, cases of credit card fraud are also on the rise. Data mining techniques can be used to detect credit card fraud. The main purpose of this article is to compare data mining methods such as simple K-means, hidden Markov model, Bayesian Net, KNN algorithm as well as ejection detection.

The evaluation of credit collateral is a critical component of the Internal Rating Approach (IRA) in banking and finance. Ensuring accurate and efficient assessment of collateral is paramount to risk management and credit decision-making. This article delves into the current practices, challenges, and recommendations for enhancing the evaluation of credit collateral within the IRA framework.

The Advanced Internal Rating-Based (AIRB) Approach offers financial institutions a refined methodology to assess credit risk using their internal models. As the financial sector becomes more intricate, optimizing the practices associated with the AIRB Approach is essential for robust risk management and informed credit decision-making. This article delves into the current methodologies, challenges, and recommendations for enhancing credit risk assessment within the AIRB framework.

The Central Bank plans to adopt a law on non-bank credit institutions, which includes the concept of Islamic finance. Non-banks will be
given the right to provide more services. In 2021, the Central Bank drafted a law on non-bank credit institutions, which includes the concept of Islamic finance. This was announced by Deputy Chairman of the Central Bank Behzod Hamrayev at a press conference at AOKA on 11 January. Shavkat Mirziyoyev made the proposal in an address to parliament on December 29. This article discusses the
issue of credit in Islam.

Bugungi glоballashuv kredit tashkilоtlaridagi iqtisоdiy о’zgarishlar ularning sоliq tizimida ham yuqоri sоliq hajmini paydо qilmоqda. Bunga asоsiy sabab tijоrat banklari va kredit tashkilоtlari tоmоnida egallanayоtgan mоl-mulklar va darоmadlar hisоblanadi. Ushbu maqоla kredit tashkilоtlarini sоliqqa tоrtishning nazariy-huquqiy asоslarini yоritib bergan.

Banklarning dastlabki sarmoyasi, kapitali darajasiga muhim masala sifatida e’tibor qaratiladi chunki, 2008-yildan boshlangan jahon moliyaviy iqtisodiy inqirozi bank tizimining barqarorligini ta’minlashda ularning kapitallashuv darajasini oshirib borish eng muhim iqtisodiy masalalardan biri ekanligini yana bir bor isbotladi. Tahlilimizda biz ning kapitallashuv darajasi, uning kredit samaradorligiga ta’siri va iste’molchi (mijozlarning) kreditdan samarali foydalanish ko’satkichlari O’zbekiston banklari misolida tahlil qilingan, va muammolarga muallif tomonidan yechim sifatida fkrlar ishlab chiqilgan. Bunda ATB “Agrobanki” va Buyuk Britaniyaning HSBC hоldings bаnkining kretit stаvkаlаri ma’lumotlaridan foydalanilgan.

This paper examines the credit assessment criteria employed by international financial institutions such as the IMF, World Bank, and regional development banks. These institutions evaluate a borrower's creditworthiness using indicators like debt sustainability, fiscal performance, governance quality, and financial transparency. The study compares different institutional approaches and identifies common standards and differences. It also highlights how these criteria influence lending decisions and risk management. Understanding such frameworks is essential for countries seeking international financial support. The findings contribute to improving credit assessment practices and enhancing financial discipline, especially in developing economies facing external financing challenges.

Credit collateral assessment stands at the crossroads of robust banking and risk management, especially within the Internal Rating-Based (IRB) framework. This article delves into the current methodologies and challenges faced in this arena, proposing optimized strategies to enhance evaluation practices. Special emphasis is placed on recommendations tailored for the Uzbekistan financial landscape.

The role of banks in the economy extends far beyond simple financial transactions. Banks serve as intermediaries, bridging the gap between savers and borrowers, which enables the efficient allocation of resources across sectors. By providing credit, banks support both individual and business growth, fueling investments and innovation. Furthermore, banks are pivotal in stabilizing economies by managing the money supply, influencing interest rates, and implementing monetary policy. This paper delves into the critical functions of banks, exploring their contributions to economic stability, growth, and financial inclusivity, while emphasizing their central role in sustaining the overall health of the economy.

The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized the way education is delivered, with e-learning emerging as a popular and efficient alternative to traditional classroom-based learning. This thesis explores the importance of e-learning in the credit module system, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and potential for improving student engagement and academic outcomes. By investigating various research studies, this thesis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance of e-learning in the credit module system.

This article focuses on improving the teaching methodology of clinical pharmacology based on the credit module system. It highlights the importance of enhancing the efficiency of the educational process, developing students' independent learning skills, and implementing practice-oriented teaching methods. The study analyzes innovative teaching methods using the example of the treatment direction in medicine.

Markaziy bank tomonidan mamlakatimizda milliy valyuta barqarorligini ta’minlash, derivativlar bozorini shakllantirish va milliy valyuta barqarorligini ta’minlash bo’yicha amalga oshirilayotgan keng ko’lamli chora-tadbirlar tahlili ko’rib chiqiladi. Maqolamizda o’z fikrimizni bildirdik va iqtisodiyotimizda valyuta bozorini tartibga solish va milliy valyutamiz barqarorligini ta’minlash bo’yicha tavsiyalar berildi.

This article explores the transformative reforms in Uzbekistan's monetary and credit policies, highlighting their impact on economic stability, financial inclusivity, and regional cooperation. It discusses challenges faced and suggests future directions for sustaining growth and resilience in the evolving economic landscape of Central Asia.

Kredit portfeli va tavakkalchiliklarni boshqarish sifatini yaxshilash, kreditlash hajmlarining mo‘tadil o‘sishiga amal qilish, muvozanatlashgan makroiqtisodiy siyosat yuritish.Тadbirkorlik siri. Biznes ishida texnologiya, yangi tovar yaratish, bozor topish, narx belgilash, kontrakt tuzish va boshqalar sir saqlanadi. Moliya-kredit tizimi har qanday davlat iqtisodiyotida asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. Bu xo‘jalik yurituvchi subektlar va aholining moliyaviy resurslardan foydalanishini ta’minlabgina qolmay, balki butun iqtisodiyot rivojiga, byudjet-soliq siyosatini takomillashtirishga ham hissa qo‘shadi.

This article examines internal and external threats in banking systems, existing security problems in practice, researches the goals and tasks of ensuring the security system of credit organizations, defines the main tasks that arise in the creation of a security system, examines the elements of the criminal internal infrastructure, also the main threats in banking information systems are studied.

This article talks about the practical importance of forming management competencies in future teachers in the credit module system. The article emphasizes the role of the teacher in the educational process in the formation of education and the development of students, the need for effective communication skills to interact with management and parents, as well as to advance in professional activities. . An article written on theoretical and practical issues to solve the problems related to the management and development of the educational system in educational institutions, it provides more details about the necessary skills and knowledge for leaders and how this knowledge can improve the learning process and the goal is to help improve the quality of education in the educational institution.

This article describes the formation of the credit-module system, its content, forms of process, the expected results of the system, the gradual transition to a credit-module system in Uzbekistan and compare classical module of assessment with the contemporary credit system.

Mazkur maqolada Turkiston o‘lkasida XX asrning boshlarida shakllangan bank tizimining holati, kredit siyosati, banklar faoliyatining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyati tarixiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda milliy banklarning tashkil topishi, mahalliy aholining moliyaviy ehtiyojlarini qondirishdagi qiyinchiliklar, sovet iqtisodiy siyosati ta’sirida bank tizimidagi muhim o‘zgarishlar o‘rganilgan. Xulosa qismida mavjud muammolar va ularning tarixiy sabablari aniqlanadi.

International letters of credit (LCs) are essential instruments in global trade, providing secure payment mechanisms between exporters and importers. Issued by commercial banks, LCs guarantee payment to the seller upon the fulfillment of specific terms and the presentation of required documents. This mechanism reduces the risk of non-payment and builds trust between international trading partners.

Ushbu maqolada yurtimizda bank tizimidagi o’zgarishlar hamda islohotlar, jumladan moliya-kredit sohasidagi samaradorligini oshirish yo’llari ko’rib chiqilgan.

The credit-module system is a process of organizing education and is an assessment model based on a set of module technologies and a credit measure. In the credit-module principle, two main issues are given importance: ensuring independent work of students; assessment of student knowledge based on rating. These issues are discussed in the article.

This article provides detailed information about the measures aimed at improving the socio-economic status of women, expanding their knowledge, employment and outlook within the framework of the state policy in Uzbekistan. In the field of education, the foundation is laid for the academic and professional development of women through initiatives that include incentives, scholarships, and special training programs. In the field of employment and entrepreneurship support, economic programs for women such as "Women's Book", loans and grants help to ensure financial independence of women.