Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

This article analyzes the role of military leaders in the system of state governance of the Turkic Khaganate, as well as their place in the political, military, and administrative structure, based on scientific sources. It examines the activities of representatives of the military aristocracy within the governance system, particularly highlighting the functions of positions such as yabghu, shad, and tarkhan. The research results demonstrate that the system of state governance in the Turkic Khaganate was closely interconnected with its military structure

This study investigates the integration of motivational strategies with problem-based learning (PBL), gamification, and digital pedagogy to enhance students’ creative engagement in higher education. Drawing on established motivational theories, including those proposed by Lev Vygotsky and Edward Deci, the research explores how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can be effectively aligned with innovative teaching methodologies. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving two groups of undergraduate students: a control group exposed to traditional instruction and an experimental group taught through an integrated model combining PBL, gamified elements, and digital tools. The findings indicate a statistically significant improvement in students’ creative thinking, engagement, and problem-solving abilities in the experimental group. The study concludes that the synergy between motivation strategies and digital pedagogical approaches creates a dynamic learning environment that fosters higher-order thinking skills and learner autonomy

The work of modern artists and artists working in the new fine arts of Uzbekistan, their artistic works, compositional solutions, painting styles and aesthetic principles are analyzed on a scientific basis. The main objects of the study are portrait, landscape, household and decorative-applied art.

This study presents the results of the development and standardization of a tablet dosage form intended for sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (SLIT) based on wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) pollen. The key quality attributes of the formulation were evaluated, including total nitrogen content as an indirect indicator of the protein fraction, solubility, dosage uniformity, and stability. The findings demonstrated that the total nitrogen content was 0.145%, confirming the presence of biologically active protein components. The tablets exhibited satisfactory solubility and met the requirements for dosage uniformity at a mass of 0.3 g. Stability studies showed that the main quality parameters remained unchanged throughout the observation period. The obtained results indicate the potential of the developed dosage form and support its further standardization.

The article examines the phenomenon of speech etiquette in modern society, characterized by digitalization, globalization, and intercultural interaction. The study analyzes traditional norms of speech behavior, their transformation in online communication, and the challenges of preserving speech culture among young people. Special attention is paid to issues of verbal politeness, linguistic norms, and communicative responsibility. The article concludes that the development of speech culture is an essential component of an individual’s social competence.

COVID-19 pandemic substantially altered both the epidemiological landscape of tuberculosis and the functioning of TB control programs by disrupting the key stages of care delivery, from case detection to treatment initiation. This review summarizes evidence on the impact of the pandemic on case notifications, mortality, laboratory diagnostics, patient pathways, and the organization of TB services across different countries and regions. The analysis demonstrates that the pandemic period was associated with a decline in reported TB cases, increased mortality, reduced coverage of treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis, and prolonged diagnostic delays. Particular attention is given to digital technologies, which are considered one of the main adaptive responses to the organizational challenges posed by the pandemic. The review examines the potential of telemedicine, video-supported treatment, mobile applications, and chatbots to maintain continuity of care, support early case detection, and optimize patient routing. The findings suggest that the post-pandemic transformation of TB services should focus on strengthening health system resilience, advancing patient-centered models of care, and integrating digital solutions into routine TB practice.