Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

The article presents a mathematical model, algorithm and results of a numerical study of torsional vibrations of parts of a centrifugal oil filter of diesel locomotives in the form of a discrete five-mass system, numerical studies were carried out in the MATHCAD 15 programming environment.

The article is devoted to the integration of critical thinking and emotional intelligence in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). It emphasizes that emotional barriers such as stress and decreased motivation may hinder the development of critical thinking. Emotional intelligence is considered a key factor in overcoming these difficulties and improving the effectiveness of the learning process. The article proposes approaches to integrating EI and critical thinking in EFL lessons, with a focus on combining theoretical foundations and practical methods to enhance learners’ engagement and overall learning outcomes.

The article discusses techniques for improving primary school students' understanding of literary texts and reading literacy, as well as the social foundations for increasing their interest in books.

This article is devoted to the topic of digitalization and quality improvement of industrial enterprises, and analyzes the digital transformation processes developing within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept based on a scientific approach. The article examines in detail the main mechanisms, technologies (IoT, AI, big data) of digitalization and their impact on production efficiency, environmental sustainability and market competitiveness. Empirical examples are presented based on Uzbek and international experience, as well as the difficulties in the digitalization process, ways to overcome them and future prospects are discussed. As a result, the strategic importance of digitalization in ensuring sustainable development for enterprises and issues of adaptability to the Uzbek economy are emphasized

The article presents research on the substantiation of methods for improving the spring suspension systems of high-speed electric trains.

The article presents calculation schemes for modeling the kinematic movements of a torsion spring of a high-speed electric train using a graphical method..

This article analyzes issues related to the scientific and theoretical foundations of the concept of prosecutorial oversight over the implementation of competition law. The article also examines the opinions and considerations of scholars related to the concept of prosecutorial oversight over the implementation of competition law, and provides relevant proposals and recommendations.

The article explores the role of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in developing students’ communicative competence. It emphasizes that PBL, as an active learning approach, enhances communication skills, teamwork, critical thinking, and presentation abilities. Through participation in solving real-world problems and collaborative projects, students develop the capacity to articulate ideas clearly, work effectively in teams, and present outcomes confidently. The article highlights the significance of PBL in modern education, arguing that it prepares students for future professional and social challenges. Practical methods of implementing PBL are also discussed, including selecting relevant topics, organizing teamwork, and encouraging independent research. In conclusion, it is stated that PBL serves as a valuable tool for fostering both personal and professional growth.

The article presents a new design of vibration-isolating suspension for the shaft of a high-speed electric train traction electric motor, the novelty of the technical solution of which is protected by patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan for invention IAP No. 8040 [1].

Since there are currently no effective disease-modifying medications available, neurodegenerative diseases—of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common—are among the most debilitating illnesses.  The hallmarks of AD, a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, are memory loss and gradual, severe cognitive impairment.  It is the most frequent cause of progressive memory loss (dementia) in the elderly, and there is currently no cure or significant slowing of the disease's progression.  It is not well known or studied how adrenergic receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease.  Recent research has suggested that medications that target adrenergic receptors may help treat AD and dementias, although overall findings are still unclear because of the variety of pharmacological classes being tried.

The article discusses the concept of the investigator’s communicative competence, its professional significance, and the necessity of developing it among future prosecution investigators. The investigator’s communicative skills are manifested in the ability to identify communication goals, assess the state of professional interaction, establish and maintain psychological contact with participants in communication, choose appropriate strategies for conversation, and be prepared to make meaningful changes in their own behavior. The investigator’s interaction with participants in a criminal case—suspects, defendants, witnesses, victims, lawyers, prosecutors, experts, and interpreters—is a complex and multifaceted process of establishing and developing relationships in joint human activity. This process follows the general laws of communication, including the exchange of information (the communicative aspect) and the regulation of partners’ behavior in relation to the communication situation (the interactive aspect). The investigator’s communicative competence is related to the psychological phenomena of interpersonal perception and emotional states that arise during communicative activity, as well as to establishing effective communication with individuals under investigation and other participants in the criminal process.

Methods for modern treatment and dehydration of sediments formed from wastewater and reduction of costs for this process are considered.

The article discusses modern methods and technologies of teaching the Russian language in educational institutions. Special attention is paid to digital tools, interactive platforms and innovative approaches to organizing the educational process. How the introduction of new methods and technologies in Russian language lessons has a positive effect on the quality of the educational process. It analyzes the effectiveness of the introduction of new technologies in terms of increasing the motivation of students, the formation of communicative competence and the development of critical thinking

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the natural and geographical location of the Khorezm region, its geological and geomorphological structure, hydrogeological conditions, and vegetation cover. The study scientifically explains how the Khorezm oasis, situated in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, is influenced by its lithological and geomorphological composition, irrigation systems, and groundwater movement in relation to agricultural activities. Furthermore, the research analyzes the division of the region into geomorphological zones, the degree of groundwater mineralization, and the interrelation between soil and vegetation cover. It is emphasized that the natural conditions and resource potential of the Khorezm region are the key factors determining its agricultural development.

This article presents the timeline of the ISUZU automobile industry from its inception to the present day, within the context of the currently developing global automotive sector. It highlights the history of the establishment of the ISUZU automobile plant in Japan — a country known for its world-renowned automotive brands — including the production of the first diesel-engine trucks and the world’s first diesel engines developed for passenger cars. The article also discusses the significant role of ISUZU in the automotive industry of our country.

This article explores the issue of improving pedagogical mechanisms in assessing speaking and writing skills in English. The study is based on the theoretical approaches proposed by O’Sullivan (2012) and Weigle (2012) and analyzes ways to enhance the reliability, validity, and practical effectiveness of the assessment process. In assessing speaking, factors such as task design, interlocutor influence, test-taker’s personal characteristics, and assessor subjectivity are considered significant. Moreover, diversifying task formats — including interviews, monologues, role plays, and group discussions — is emphasized as an effective means to comprehensively demonstrate learners’ communicative competence. Regular training and calibration of assessors are also highlighted as essential for ensuring consistency and objectivity in scoring. In writing assessment, maintaining a balance between grammar accuracy, vocabulary richness, and logical organization of ideas is of great importance. Analytical rating scales, such as the FSI model, allow for more detailed identification of learners’ strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, ensuring fairness in the assessment process — through gender and age balance among interlocutors and equal testing conditions — guarantees the validity and reliability of test results. In conclusion, the article acknowledges that the implementation of modern pedagogical mechanisms in assessing speaking and writing skills plays a crucial role in improving the overall quality of language teaching.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of applying modern technologies in carrying out leaching (salt-washing) operations on irrigated lands. The study highlights the differences between traditional and innovative methods, emphasizing aspects such as water efficiency, energy savings, and environmental sustainability. Moreover, the article explores the role of GPS, GIS, drone technologies, artificial intelligence, and digital monitoring systems in improving the leaching process. Based on advanced international experiences, practical recommendations are proposed to enhance efficiency and ensure the sustainable development of irrigated agriculture.

This аrticle explоres the аesthetic, psychоlоgicаl, аnd culturаl significаnce оf cоlоrs in nаtiоnаl clоthing. It аnаlyzes the psychоlоgicаl effects оf cоlоrs оn humаn emоtiоns аnd mооd. The аrticle emphаsizes the impоrtаnce оf culturаl symbоls, design theоries, аnd ecоlоgicаl fаctоrs in the prоcess оf cоlоr selectiоn. It аlsо prоvides exаmples оf hоw cоlоr is used in fields such аs mаrketing, medicine, psychоlоgy, аnd design. The study demоnstrаtes thаt cоlоr psychоlоgy in trаditiоnаl dress helps express nоt оnly beаuty but аlsо spirituаl meаning аnd nаtiоnаl identity.

This аrticle аnаlyzes the cоncept оf ethnоdesign аnd the interrelаtiоnship between trаditiоn аnd mоdernity. Using exаmples such аs nаtiоnаl mоtifs, fаbrics, embrоidery, аnd trаditiоnаl clоthing, it exаmines hоw trаditiоnаl elements аdаpt аnd undergо аesthetic renewаl in cоntempоrаry design. Furthermоre, it prоvides infоrmаtiоn аbоut the trends оf ethnоdesign in the wоrks оf Uzbek designers, its cоnstituent elements, sоciо-culturаl significаnce, аnd prаcticаl аpplicаtiоns

This article analyzes the role and interpretation of national motifs in contemporary fashion design from a scientific perspective. National motifs, as cultural heritage, represent patterns, colors, and shapes that reflect the identity of a people. Their integration into the modern fashion industry holds significant cultural, aesthetic, and economic importance. Contemporary designers reinterpret national motifs in a new format, applying them in clothing and accessories, thus preserving traditions and promoting national brands in the global market. It is also emphasized that the promotion of national motifs through fashion contributes to economic development and supports young designers in creating their own brands.

The article examines the technology of producing thermally stable ammonium nitrate using phosphate additives that enhance the product’s thermal stability. Theoretical foundations of the interaction between ammonium nitrate and phosphates are presented, as well as the stages of the production process. Results of laboratory and industrial tests are also provided. The obtained data demonstrate the effectiveness of phosphates in stabilizing the structure of ammonium nitrate, reducing its hygroscopicity, and increasing storage safety.

Cardiovascular pathologies are currently one of the key problems for the healthcare system, ranking first among the causes of death and significantly reducing the quality of life of the population. The statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that approximately 56 million people are killed by these diseases every year. This number is not constant, as it is dependent on the demographic traits of each country, the state of the healthcare sector and the environmental status. The primary causes are heart and vascular diseases, cancerous tumors, respiratory issues and other diseases that are infectious. The ratio of these causes of death varies significantly depending on the geographical location: each country and region demonstrates its own specifics. This is due to both the general health of residents and their way of life, as well as the level of development and availability of medical services.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of running technique, its impact on the physical performance of athletes, and ways to improve its effectiveness. Based on the biomechanical analysis of running movements, methods for identifying technical errors and eliminating them are considered. Also, scientifically based ideas are presented about the role of the level of preparation, body position, footwork, and breathing in improving running technique. The article also studies the experience of advanced athletes and trainers, as well as the possibilities of using modern technologies.

This article analyzes modern approaches to school maladaptation. Maladaptation is considered as a condition that occurs as a result of a discrepancy between the socio-psychological and psychophysiological state of the child and the requirements of the new social environment. Studies show that school maladaptation is associated with psychological, social and pedagogical aspects, which can negatively affect the academic performance, social adaptation and personal development of students. The results of the study show that school maladaptation is a serious social problem, and to solve it it is necessary to introduce diagnostic, preventive and corrective methods

This article focuses on the rights and obligations of parties in sports agency agreements. It examines the legal basis of contractual relationships between sports agents, athletes, and clubs, the fundamental rights and obligations of the parties, as well as the compliance of these agreements with international and national legislation. The article analyzes the responsibilities outlined in contracts, transparency of terms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and practical issues. Additionally, it offers suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of sports agency agreements and ensure fair relationships.

The article discusses the peculiarities of using stanzas — one of the important issues in the structure of songs in J. Izbasqanov’s poetry. It also presents the opinions of various scholars.

The role of using athletics in various sports has been identified and their influence on the level of physical fitness of young basketball players has been described. The necessity of using athletics in the training system for young athletes has been experimentally substantiated.

In article questions of formation and development of volleyball, his formation as games are considered. Beginning of the first official competitions and change of rules in development of a game. Also questions of technical readiness of players are considered.

The basic concepts of mathematical analysis are function, derivative, differential, and continuity. These concepts form the basis of theoretical mathematics, as well as physics, technology, economics, and many other sciences. The article outlines the characteristics of these concepts and presents the connections between them

Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society, investigating how linguistic forms are shaped by social structures and how social identities are expressed through language. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the discipline, integrating the works of Labov, Wardhaugh and Fuller, Bucholtz and Hall, Deumert, Fought, and Calder. It discusses key domains such as language variation, gender, ethnicity, identity, and multilingualism, with reference to empirical findings and global statistical data. The discussion shows that linguistic variation is not random but socially meaningful, revealing how language functions as both a reflection and a construction of human societies.

In the context of global educational reforms and the increasing demand for high-quality teaching, the development of creative and critical thinking skills has become a crucial objective in teacher education programs. This paper examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for cultivating creative and critical thinking competencies among pre-service primary school teachers. It argues that these skills are not only essential for personal intellectual growth but are also vital for fostering active, learner-centered pedagogical practices in future classrooms. The study explores various theoretical frameworks, including constructivist learning theory, Bloom’s taxonomy, and 21st-century skills paradigms, which support the integration of creative and critical thinking into teacher training curricula. From a methodological perspective, the paper analyzes effective instructional strategies such as problem-based learning, inquiry-based approaches, reflective teaching, and digital pedagogical tools that can enhance student engagement and cognitive development.

The article systematically analyzes the mechanisms that serve to increase the effectiveness of the educational process in a digital educational environment. The research model consists of three stages: diagnosing needs and planning educational goals in a competency-based format; personalizing educational activities through digital design (modularization, differential orientation, formative assessment and analytical monitoring); decision-making based on learning analytics, A/B tests, rubrics and metacognitive reflection when measuring results. The novelty of the work is the proposed integration framework of “pedagogical design × learning analytics × motivational mechanisms”, which serves to flexibly manage the educational process, sustainably increase quality indicators (participation, retention, mastery), and strengthen digital inclusion.

This article analyzes the impact of chemical agents used during the storage of vegetables on the food safety management system. It systematically evaluates possible chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic changes resulting from the use of antimicrobial and antifungal substances, preservatives, ethylene inhibitors, and oxidation-based technologies commonly applied in storage. The research approach follows ISO 22000 requirements, encompassing the stages of hazard identification, assessment, and control, as well as the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius and national regulatory documents (O‘zDSt). The paper highlights permissible maximum residue levels, critical control points, traceability, and verification mechanisms. Methodological approaches such as chromatographic and spectral analyses and microbiological indicators are presented to assess the residual quantities of chemical agents, the potential accumulation of nitrates and heavy metals, and the preservation of beneficial bio-oils, vitamins, and antioxidants.

Apical genital prolapse is a complex form of pelvic organ prolapse, the pathogenesis of which is closely linked to congenital connective tissue disorders and genetic factors. The objective of this review is to summarize current data on the molecular mechanisms of pelvic floor weakness, including changes in collagen metabolism, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, tissue inhibitors of pelvic organ prolapse (TIMP), and mutations in the COL1A1 and COL3A1 genes. This paper utilizes data from international studies, publications published between 2015 and 2024, and current international guidelines (ACOG, AUGS, FIGO).

This article analyzes the organizational foundations of crime prevention from both a scientific-theoretical and practical perspective. It examines the organizational aspects of prevention in legal theory and practice, the system of subjects, and their interaction mechanisms. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the organizational and legal foundations of crime prevention in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation is conducted. The research results enable the development of scientifically grounded proposals to improve the prevention system and increase its effectiveness.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of biodegradable bio-based polymers, their synthesis methods, physical-mechanical properties, techno-economic analysis, and environmental impact. A comparative analysis of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and other biodegradable polymers is presented. The research results indicate that while biodegradable bio-based polymers have great potential in replacing traditional polymers, issues related to their large-scale production and recycling still need to be addressed

This article focuses on developing lexical competence among B2-level economics students learning English for professional purposes. It analyzes the semantic, stylistic, and collocational features of economic vocabulary, emphasizing the importance of contextualized and communicative learning approaches. The study highlights the effectiveness of digital tools, particularly Quizlet and Write & Improve, in enhancing students’ ability to independently acquire, analyze, and apply vocabulary in authentic professional contexts. The integration of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) and TBLT (Task-Based Language Teaching) methods provides a modern methodological framework for teaching economic English. The proposed model encourages active learning, contextual application of terminology, and the development of confident professional communication skills in English. The findings contribute to improving the methodology of teaching English for economics students through digital and interactive pedagogical strategies.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the issues related to developing the communicative-discursive competence of future primary school teachers. In particular, it highlights the importance of enhancing teachers’ communicative culture in modern education and organizing speech activity based on a discursive approach. The study examines the practical aspects of interactive methods, innovative pedagogical technologies, and the creation of a communicative learning environment. Moreover, special attention is given to establishing effective communication with students, expanding their cognitive horizons, and stimulating creative thinking. As a result, the pedagogical significance of technologies aimed at developing communicative-discursive competence among future primary school teachers is scientifically substantiated.

The article analyzes the pragmatic functions of phraseological units expressing human intellectual abilities in English and Uzbek languages. According to the research findings, these units are used as means of praise, criticism, humor, or moral advice. In English, they tend to express individuality through irony and indirect evaluation, while in Uzbek, they reflect social values such as morality, wisdom, and respect.

The article presents a calculation method for the criteria for assessing the stress-strain state of cylinder heads of diesel locomotives, numerical studies were carried out in the MATHCAD 15 programming environment.

The article presents a mathematical model and algorithm for numerical simulation of the stress-strain state during bending-torsional vibrations of cylinder heads of diesel locomotives; numerical studies were carried out in the MATHCAD 15 programming environment.