CITRUS FRUITS — THEIR MORPHOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND HEALTH BENEFITS
Main Article Content
Abstract:
Citrus is a general term used for fruits belonging to the Rutaceae family, and is the largest genus of fruit plants in this family. Citrus fruits are the most widely traded horticultural product in the world. The main economically important species of this genus are lemon, lime, sweet orange, sour orange, mandarin, grapefruit, citron and shaddock (pomelo). Among all species, sweet orange is the leading fruit crop of this genus, accounting for about 70% of the total world citrus fruit production. Citrus fruits are one of the most preferred flavors in the world and are valued for their high nutritional value. It is known that citrus fruits and products made from them are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fiber and pectins, which are necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. In addition, they have been found to contain a number of biologically active, non-nutritional substances that help regulate various metabolic processes.
Article Details
How to Cite:
References:
Hussain, S.Z., Naseer, B., Qadri, T., Fatima, T., Bhat, T.A. (2021). Citrus Fruits—Morphology, Taxonomy, Composition and Health Benefits. In: Fruits Grown in Highland Regions of the Himalayas. Springer, Cham.
Ladaniya, M. S. (2008). Citrus fruit: Biology, technology and evaluation. Academic Press.
Liu, Y., Heying, E., & Tanumihardjo, S. A. (2012). History, global distribution, and nutritional importance of citrus fruits. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food safety, 11(6), 530–545.
Ramana, K. V. R., Govindarajan, V. S., Ranganna, S., & Kefford, J. F. (1981). Citrus fruits—varieties, chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation. Part I: Varieties, production, handling, and storage. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 15(4), 353–431.
Talon, M., & Gmitter, F. G. (2008). Citrus Genomics. International Journal of Plant Genomics, 8, 1–17.
Gmitter Jr, F. G., Grosser, J. W., & Moore, G. A. (1992). Citrus. Biotechnology of perennial fruit crops., 335–369.
Ranganna, S., Govindarajan, V. S., Ramana, K. V. R., & Kefford, J. F. (1983). Citrus fruits—varieties, chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation. Part II. Chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation. A. Chemistry. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 18(4), 313–386.
FAOSTAT. (2017). http://www.fao.org›faostat.
USDA National Nutrient database. (2006–07). http://www.nutrition-andyou.com/lemon.html.
Devi, W. E., Kumar, R. S. K. B. A., & Mishra, A. A. (2014). Extraction of pectin from citrus fruit peel and its utilization in preparation of jelly. International Journal of Engineering Research, 3(5).
Ladaniya, M. S., & Mahalle, B. C. (2011). Fruit maturation and associated changes in’Mosambi’orange (Citrus sinensis). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81(6), 494–499.
Vandercook, C. E. (1977). Organic acids. In S. Nagy, P. E. Shaw, M. K. Veldhuis (Eds.), Citrus science and technology (Vol. 1., pp. 209–227). AVI Publishing Company.
Wallrauch, S. (1980). Natural amino acid content of orange juice and effect of havesting date. Der natuerliche Aminosaeuregehalt von Orangensaeften und seine Abhaengigkeit vom Erntetermin der Fruechte. Fluessiges Obst, 47(2), 47–52.
Nagy, S. (1977). Lipids: identification, distribution and importance. Citrus Science and Technology, 1, 266–301.
Shanoli, G., Sanchita, R., Soumitra, K., Pritha, P., Atreyee, D., & Ajanta, H. (2017). Homocysteine-Is there any role in Coronary Heart Disease? Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 8(2), 46–49.
Morand, C., Dubray, C., Milenkovic, D., Lioger, D., Martin, J. F., Scalbert, A., et al. (2011). Hesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: A randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93(1), 73–80.
Roberts, B. M., Fullerton, D. R., & Elliott, S. L. (2015). High concentrations of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) induces apoptosis in a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Bios, 86(3), 134–143.
Young, I., Parker, H. M., Rangan, A., Prvan, T., Cook, R. L., Donges, C. E., O’Connor, H. T. (2018). Association between haem and non-haem iron intake and serum ferritin in healthy young women. Nutrients, 10(1), 81.

