CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
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Abstract:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) are two highly prevalent chronic conditions with significant global health burden. Increasing evidence indicates a strong interplay between these disorders, mediated by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. The coexistence of COPD and MetS is associated with accelerated lung function decline, higher frequency of exacerbations, increased cardiovascular risk, and reduced quality of life. This review summarizes current epidemiological data, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical implications of the COPD–MetS overlap. Additionally, emerging therapeutic strategies—including lifestyle interventions, pharmacological approaches, and precision medicine—are discussed. Understanding the interaction between COPD and MetS is critical for early detection, risk stratification, and integrated patient management, and future research should focus on longitudinal studies and novel biomarker-based approaches.
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